Habitat in North Carolina
Spruce-fir forests
Cool, evergreen forests of red spruce and Fraser fir on the highest mountains. Schafale
- Plants
- 23
- Birds
- 58

Plants
Plants that grow wild in this habitat in North Carolina. Not a planting list.
Most characteristic plants of this habitat 23
Natives first, plants found in fewer other habitats first.
- Drooping Woodland SedgeCarex arctata
- Drooping WoodreedCinna latifolia
- Heartleaf TwaybladeNeottia cordata
- Southern Mountain CranberryVaccinium erythrocarpum
- HobblebushViburnum lantanoides
- Skunk CurrantRibes glandulosum
- Rugel's RagwortRugelia nudicaulis
- Mountain Wood-asterEurybia chlorolepis
- Mountain WoodsorrelOxalis montana
- Mountain Wood-fernDryopteris campyloptera
- Green AlderAlnus crispa
- Northern Beech FernPhegopteris connectilis
- Northern ShorthuskBrachyelytrum aristosum
- Tree Ground-pineDendrolycopodium dendroideum
- Clustered GoldenrodSolidago glomerata
- Lanceleaf GoldenrodSolidago lancifolia
- Purple BurgamotMonarda media
- Clingman's Hedge-nettleStachys clingmanii
- Whorled Wood-asterOclemena acuminata
- Pink TurtleheadChelone lyonii
- Bluebead-lilyClintonia borealis
- Dotted HawthornCrataegus punctata
- Red SprucePicea rubens
Wildlife
Animals whose habitat model includes this habitat in North Carolina. Shared habitat, not food.
Most characteristic birds of this habitat 16
Ranked by how much of their habitat model this habitat is.
- Red CrossbillLoxia curvirostra
- Blackburnian WarblerDendroica fusca
- Red-breasted NuthatchSitta canadensis
- Canada WarblerWilsonia canadensis
- Black-throated Blue WarblerDendroica caerulescens
- Black-throated Green WarblerDendroica virens
- Evening GrosbeakCoccothraustes vespertinus
- Northern Saw-whet OwlAegolius acadicus
- Scarlet TanagerPiranga olivacea
- Magnolia WarblerDendroica magnolia
- Black-capped ChickadeePoecile atricapillus
- Ruffed GrouseBonasa umbellus
- Long-eared OwlAsio otus
- Baltimore OrioleIcterus galbula
- Blue-headed VireoVireo solitarius
- OvenbirdSeiurus aurocapilla
Near water in this habitat 1
These use it only close to water, such as stream banks for nesting.
- VeeryCatharus fuscescens
Widespread birds also seen here (41)
Found in many habitats here, so not listed above.
- American Crow
- American Goldfinch
- American Kestrel
- American Robin
- Belted Kingfisher
- Black-and-White Warbler
- Blue Jay
- Brown Creeper
- Brown Thrasher
- Cedar Waxwing
- Chipping Sparrow
- Common Grackle
- Common Nighthawk
- Common Raven
- Cooper's Hawk
- Dark-eyed Junco
- Eastern Towhee
- Eastern Wood-pewee
- European Starling
- Fox Sparrow
- Golden-crowned Kinglet
- Great Crested Flycatcher
- Great Horned Owl
- Hairy Woodpecker
- Hermit Thrush
- Hooded Merganser
- Northern Cardinal
- Olive-sided Flycatcher
- Orange-crowned Warbler
- Osprey
- Pileated Woodpecker
- Pine Siskin
- Purple Finch
- Red-tailed Hawk
- Ruby-crowned Kinglet
- Sharp-shinned Hawk
- Tufted Titmouse
- Turkey Vulture
- White-throated Sparrow
- Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
- Yellow-rumped Warbler
Sources
- Schafale, Guide to the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Fourth Approximation (NC Natural Heritage Program, 2012) habitat description
- Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition, habitat text phone app
- NC Parks species accounts
- USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information System (reviewed notes)
- USGS Gap Analysis Project habitat models (2001)
- USGS Gap Analysis Project range maps (2001)
- NatureServe Explorer ecological systems (CC BY 4.0)
- Forest on Baxter Creek Trail in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Miguel Vieira (Miguel.v) habitat picture
Habitat classes are filed under these habitat types by reviewed matches; descriptions are short glosses.





































