Northern Cardinal

Open, wet, seepage-fed bogs of the Coastal Plain and Sandhills, often with pitcher plants.

Wet ground taken over by weedy or introduced plants after disturbance, such as common reed, Chinese tallow or tamarisk stands; the upland counterpart is roadsides, fields and disturbed ground.

Forests and open woodlands on dry ridges and slopes, often oak or pine.

Forests on low ground beside rivers and streams that flood from time to time.

Borders of forests, clearings and shrubby thickets.

Open, thin-soil openings and rock on limestone, dolomite or other lime-rich rock, including cedar glades.

Flat, poorly drained uplands and terraces with oaks, sweetgum and sometimes loblolly pine, wet in winter and dry in summer, but neither a floodplain nor a swamp.

Salt-pruned forests and shrub thickets behind coastal dunes.

Forests between dry and moist, often oak-hickory on slopes.

Forests on moist but not wet ground, such as rich slopes and ravines.

Open, grass-dominated places kept open by fire, grazing or thin soil, from tallgrass prairie to Piedmont prairies.

Ground opened by people: roadsides, old fields, pastures, fencerows and lots.

Coastal marshes flooded by salty or brackish tides.

Planted or intensively managed stands of pine or hardwoods grown for timber; a land use rather than a natural community.