Smooth Blackhaw

Viburnum prunifolium

Found in bottomland and riparian forests, stream banks, bluffs, moist upland forests. Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Northern Tier edition What its natural habitat tells you

Keystone

Native to West Virginia. How scores work Is it native here?

Profile 100%

Height: About 16 feet
Spread: 6–12 feet
Light: Partial sun, Full sun
Soil moisture: Dry to average

Space about 9 ft apart from its recorded spread. Enter your bed size for a count

Will it fit your yard?

Viburnum prunifolium — bloom photograph — Randy Harter · CC BY 4.0 · Original photograph

At a glance

Life cycle: Perennial
Leaves: Deciduous
Bloom: March to April
Fruiting season: September to October

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Recorded in 20 West Virginia counties.

Natural habitats

Places it grows wild. Not a planting requirement. Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.

1 of 3

Floodplain and bottomland forests

Forests on low ground beside rivers and streams that flood from time to time.

Forests and woodlands

Forest or woodland where the source does not say how moist or dry.

Streams, rivers and their banks

Flowing water and its banks, bars and rocky shoals.

All habitats

Also found with this plant

Wildlife whose habitat models include habitats this plant grows in, in West Virginia. Shared habitat, not food. 91 animals.

Least Bittern
Ixobrychus exilis
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Contopus cooperi
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Orchard Oriole
Icterus spurius
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Ovenbird
Seiurus aurocapilla
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Pileated Woodpecker
Dryocopus pileatus
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Red-bellied Woodpecker
Melanerpes carolinus
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Red-shouldered Hawk
Buteo lineatus
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Rough-legged Hawk
Buteo lagopus
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Archilochus colubris
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Ruddy Duck
Oxyura jamaicensis
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Scarlet Tanager
Piranga olivacea
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Snowy Egret
Egretta thula
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Snowy Owl
Bubo scandiacus
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Sora
Porzana carolina
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Swainson's Warbler
Limnothlypis swainsonii
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Veery
Catharus fuscescens
Birds. 1 shared habitat
White-eyed Vireo
Vireo griseus
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Worm-eating Warbler
Helmitheros vermivorum
Birds. 1 shared habitat
Yellow-throated Warbler
Dendroica dominica
Birds. 1 shared habitat

Widespread birds also seen here (36)

Found in many habitats here, so not listed above.

All wildlife of West Virginia

Ecological relationships

Who uses this plant?

What these records mean

102CaterpillarsGenus host records with ranges including WV

Genus host records with ranges including WV · Viburnum

Celastrina ladonSpring Azure
Hemaris thysbeHummingbird Clearwing
Acharia stimuleaSaddleback Caterpillar Moth
Achatia distinctaDistinct Quaker
Acronicta fallaxThe Green Marvel
Acronicta griseaGray Dagger
Acronicta oblinitaSmeared Dagger
Adoneta spinuloidesPurple-Crested Slug
Agnorisma badinodisPale-Banded Dart
Amorbia humerosanaWhite-Lined Leafroller Moth

Show all 102

Amphipyra pyramidoidesMiranda Underwing, Copper Underwing, Copper Amphipyra
Anagrapha falciferaCelery Looper Moth
Anavitrinella pampinariaCommon Gray, Cranberry Spanworm
Antepione thisoariaVariable Antepione
Apatelodes torrefactaSpotted Apatelodes
Archips argyrospilaFruit-Tree Leafroller Moth
Archips purpuranaOmnivorous Leafroller Moth
Argyrotaenia juglandanaHickory Leafroller
Argyrotaenia marianaGray-Banded Leafroller Moth
Argyrotaenia velutinanaRed-Banded Leafroller Moth, Jack Pine Tube Moth
Autographa amplaLarge Looper Moth, Broken-Banded Y, Climbing Looper
Automeris ioIo Moth
Calledapteryx dryopterataBrown Scoopwing
Callophrys henriciHenry's Elfin
Callosamia prometheaPromethea Silkmoth, Promethea Moth
Cecrita guttivittaMaple Prominent, Saddled Prominent
Celastrina luciaLucia Azure
Celastrina serotinaCherry Gall Azure
Cenopis diluticostanaSpring Dead-Leaf Roller Moth, Oak Cenopis
Cenopis reticulatanaReticulated Fruitworm Moth
Choristoneura parallelaParallel-Banded Leafroller, Spotted Fireworm Moth
Choristoneura rosaceanaOblique-Banded Leafroller Moth, Rosaceous Leaf Roller
Crocigrapha normaniNorman's Quaker
Darapsa choerilusAzalea Sphinx
Eacles imperialisImperial Moth, Imperial Spiny Caterpillar
Ennomos subsignariaElm Spanworm Moth
Epiglaea declivaSloping Sallow
Epirrita autumnataThe Autumnal Moth, November Moth
Erannis tiliariaLinden Looper Moth, Western Winter Moth, Lime Looper
Euchlaena irrariaLeast-Marked Euchlaena
Euchlaena marginariaOchre Euchlaena
Euphydryas phaetonThe Baltimore, The Black Checker
Eupithecia miserulataCommon Eupithacia, Common Pug
Euplexia benesimilisAmerican Angle Shades
Eupsilia morrisoniMorrison's Sallow
Eutrapela clematariaCurved-Tooth Geometer, Purplish Brown Looper
Glyptocera consobrinellaViburnum Glyptocera, Glyptocera Moth
Halysidota tessellarisBanded Tussock Moth, Pale Tiger Moth
Harrisimemna trisignataHarris's Three-Spot
Hemaris diffinisSnowberry Clearwing
Hyalophora cecropiaCecropia Silkmoth, Cecropia Moth
Hypena scabraGreen Cloverworm Bomolocha, Black Snout
Hyphantria cuneaFall Webworm
Iridopsis defectariaBrown-Shaded Gray, Willow Looper
Iridopsis ephyrariaPale-Winged Gray
Iridopsis larvariaBent-Line Gray
Kocakina fidelisIntractable Quaker, Green Fruitworm, Fourlined Green Fruitworm
Lacinipolia loreaBridled Arches, Bridle Groundcat
Lomographa vestaliataWhite Spring Moth
Lycophotia phyllophoraBrick Dart, Leafy Dart
Lytrosis unitariaCommon Lytrosis
Machimia tentoriferellaGold-Striped Leaftier Moth
Megalopyge opercularisSouthern Flannel Moth, Puss Caterpillar
Melanolophia canadariaCanadian Melanolphia, Variable Redmarked Looper
Metaxaglaea inultaUnsalted Sallow, Viburnum Sallow
Metaxaglaea semitariaFootpath Sallow
Morrisonia confusaConfused Woodgrain
Morrisonia evictaBicolored Woodgrain
Oedemasia concinnaRed-Humped Caterpillar, Red-Humped Appleworm
Olethreutes appendiceumServiceberry Leafroller
Oreta roseaRose Hooktip
Orgyia leucostigmaWhite-Marked Tussock Moth
Orthofidonia exornataPale Viburnum Geometer
Orthosia rubescensRuby Quaker
Orthotaenia undulanaDusky Leafroller
Packardia geminataJeweled Tail Slug Moth
Pandemis limitataThree-Lined Leafroller Moth
Paonias excaecataBlinded Sphinx, Blind Eyed Sphinx
Phlogophora periculosaBrown Angle Shades
Plagodis alcoolariaHollow-Spotted Plagodis
Plagodis pulverariaAmerican Barred Umber, Barred Umber
Platynota idaeusalisTufted Apple-Bud Moth
Pleuroprucha insulsariaCommon Tan Wave
Polia purpurissataPurple Arches
Prochoerodes lineolaLarge Maple Spanworm Moth
Pyrrharctia isabellaIsabella Tiger Moth, Banded Woolybear
Schizura badiaChestnut Schizura
Schizura ipomaeaeMorning-Glory Prominent, Checkered-Fringe Prominent
Sparganothis sulfureanaSparganothis Fruitworm Moth, Sulfur Leafroller, False Yellow-Head
Spiramater lutraDarling Mamestra, Splashed Arches, Otter Spiramater, Otter Arches
Spoladea recurvalisHawaiian Beet Webworm
Synanthedon fatiferaLesser Viburnum Clearwing
Synanthedon viburniViburnum Borer
Tetracis cachexiataWhite Slant-Line
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformisEvergreen Bagworm Moth
Xanthotype sospetaCrocus Geometer
Xestia c-nigrumSpotted Cut-Worm, Setaceous Hebrew Character, Lesser Black-letter Dart
Xestia dolosaGreater Black-Letter Dart, Greater Spotted Cutworm
Zale horridaHorrid Zale, Sacled Zale
Acleris placidana
Coleophora viburniella
Orthofidonia tinctaria

Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)

17BeesSoutheastern regional records

Southeastern regional records · Viburnum

Individual names are not available yet.

Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0

0Specialist beesPollen specialists

13BirdsRecorded eating Viburnum in West Virginia

Diet records by plant genus, from studies across North America. Not a record from this state. Birds whose range includes West Virginia, most records first.

Ruffed GrouseFruit. 13 diet records
American RobinFruit. 3 diet records
Eastern BluebirdFruit. 2 diet records
Hermit ThrushFruit and seeds. 2 diet records
Swainson's ThrushFruit and seeds. 2 diet records
Blue-headed Vireo1 diet record
Cedar WaxwingFruit. 1 diet record
European Starling1 diet record
Northern Mockingbird1 diet record
Pine Grosbeak1 diet record

Show all 13

White-eyed Vireo1 diet record
Wild Turkey1 diet record
Wood DuckSeeds. 1 diet record

Avian Diet Database (Hurlbert Lab)

Direct food only. Caterpillars on host plants also feed nesting birds. NC Native Plant Society: butterfly gardening

Flies 15

Archytas analis
Bombylius pulchellus
Chilosia petulca
Criorhina decora
Criorhina umbratilis
Empis otiosa
Graphomyia americana
Gymnosoma fuliginosa
Helophilus latifrons
Lucilia sericata

Show all 15

Peleteria robusta
Phormia regina
Psilota buccata
Rhamphomyia mutabilis
Rhamphomyia priapulus

Flower visits · Carlinville, Illinois, USA

Adult butterflies / moths 4

Hemaris thysbe
Thanaos juvenalis
Thanaos martialis
Vanessa huntera

Flower visits · Carlinville, Illinois, USA

Other wasps 2

Ancistrocerus tigris
Polistes pallipes

Flower visits · Carlinville, Illinois, USA

No records yet · Ants · Beetles · Other insects

Birds that eat Viburnum 13

Diet records by plant genus, from studies across North America. Not a record from this state. Avian Diet Database (Hurlbert Lab), CC0 1.0.

Ruffed Grouse
Bonasa umbellus
Fruit. 13 diet records
American Robin
Turdus migratorius
Fruit. 3 diet records
Eastern Bluebird
Sialia sialis
Fruit. 2 diet records
Hermit Thrush
Catharus guttatus
Fruit and seeds. 2 diet records
Swainson's Thrush
Catharus ustulatus
Fruit and seeds. 2 diet records
Blue-headed Vireo
Vireo solitarius
1 diet record
Cedar Waxwing
Bombycilla cedrorum
Fruit. 1 diet record
European Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
1 diet record
Northern Mockingbird
Mimus polyglottos
1 diet record
Pine Grosbeak
Pinicola enucleator
1 diet record
White-eyed Vireo
Vireo griseus
1 diet record
Wild Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
1 diet record
Wood Duck
Aix sponsa
Seeds. 1 diet record

Growing and identification

Plant details

Family: Viburnaceae
Hardiness: Zones 3–9
Soil pH: Neutral
Flower color: White
Growth rate: Slow
Growth habit: Several stems
Foliage color: Green
Fruit begins: September
Fruit ends: October

Safety has not been reviewed for this plant; check toxicity and thorns before planting.

Growing sources and scope

Bloom · “March to April” · Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition (ranked first; USDA PLANTS differs) · Carolinas and Georgia
Flower color · “White” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
Foliage color · “Green” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
Fruit begins · “September” · Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition (ranked first; NC Extension Plant Toolbox, USDA PLANTS differ) · Carolinas and Georgia
Fruit ends · “October” · Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition (ranked first; NC Extension Plant Toolbox, USDA PLANTS differ) · Carolinas and Georgia
Growth habit · “Several stems” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
Growth rate · “Slow” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
Hardiness · “Zones 3–9” · Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder
Height · “About 16 feet” · USDA PLANTS (ranked first; Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder differ) · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
Leaves · “Deciduous” · Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
Leaf retention · “Deciduous” · USDA PLANTS · Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary
Life cycle · “Perennial” · Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
Light · “Partial sun (minimum requirement); Full sun (minimum requirement)” · Virginia DCR Piedmont (ranked first; Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder differ) · Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high
primary_flower_color · “white” · USDA PLANTS
Soil · “medium to dry” · Tennessee Smart Yards (ranked first; Virginia DCR Piedmont, Virginia DCR Coastal Plain, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder differ) · Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading
Soil pH · “Neutral” · Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
Spread · “6–12 feet” · Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder

Also known as

Plum Leaf Viburnum

Conservation status

West Virginia rank	S5
Global rank	G5
WV status	Not verified
Federal status	Not verified

Conservation source Global and federal source

In your garden

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Smooth Blackhaw

At a glance

Natural habitats

Also found with this plant

Who uses this plant?

Birds that eat Viburnum 13

Plant details

Conservation status

Will it fit your yard?

Sources

More Viburnum