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Bird

Double-crested Cormorant

Phalacrocorax auritus

Lives in Virginia all year and nests here. Found in all 133 counties and cities, across 19 habitats.

Here
All year
Nesting
Nests here
Range
All 133 counties and cities
Habitats
19

At a glance

Group
Birds
Here
All year
Nesting
Nests here
Range
All 133 counties and cities
Habitats
19
Habitat models
Summer, Winter

Where it lives

The places its habitat model includes. It is not found everywhere a habitat occurs.

Habitats in Virginia 19

Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.

1 of 19

Coastal dunes and beaches

Core Banks dunes, June 2013
SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Northern Sandy Beach; Unconsolidated Shore (Beach/Dune)Dune grassland. Shown: Core Banks, Cape Lookout, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Core Banks dunes, June 2013, Jarek Tuszyński, June 2013. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source record.

Pine flatwoods

Wet Pine Flatwoods, Shaken Creek Preserve - typical shrub layer
SummerWinterCentral Atlantic Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna and FlatwoodsWet pine flatwoods with a shrub layer. Shown: Shaken Creek Preserve, Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Wet Pine Flatwoods, Shaken Creek Preserve - typical shrub layer, Robert Thornhill, undated. CC BY 4.0. Source record.

Pine savannas

Sandy Pine Savanna, Rush Featherling subtype
SummerWinterCentral Atlantic Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna and FlatwoodsSandy pine savanna. Shown: Shaken Creek Preserve, Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Sandy Pine Savanna, Rush Featherling subtype, Robert Thornhill, undated. CC BY 4.0. Source record.

Pocosins and bay forests

Dense low pocosin
SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Peatland Pocosin; Atlantic Coastal Plain Streamhead Seepage Swamp - Pocosin - and BaygallDense low pocosin. Shown: Shaken Creek Preserve, Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Dense low pocosin, Robert Thornhill, undated. CC BY 4.0. Source record.

Ponds, lakes and their shores

Yellow butterwort beside a moss-hung coastal pond
SummerWinterOpen Water (Fresh)Regional / representative. Shown: Southern coastal pond margins, Florida and Louisiana to North Carolina; state not identified, a neighboring state.Yellow butterwort beside a moss-hung coastal pond, Marian Ellis Rowan, 1901. Public domain. Source record.

Streams, rivers and their banks

Watauga Falls
SummerWinterCentral Interior and Appalachian Riparian Systems; South-Central Interior Small Stream and RiparianNamed place / source context. Shown: Watauga Falls, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Watauga Falls, Illustrator/engraver not confidently attributed; reproduced in Zeigler and Grosscup, The Heart of the Alleghanies (1883), 1883. Public domain. Source record.

Swamps

View, Dismal Swamp, North Carolina
SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Streamhead Seepage Swamp - Pocosin - and Baygall; Central Interior and Appalachian Swamp Systems; Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Tidal Wooded Swamp; Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Tidal Wooded Swamp; Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Basin Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Nonriverine Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest - Taxodium/Nyssa Modifier; Southern Piedmont/Ridge and Valley Upland Depression SwampNamed place / source context. Shown: Great Dismal Swamp, North Carolina, as titled by Museum of Fine Arts Boston; nineteenth-century artistic interpretation, a neighboring state.View, Dismal Swamp, North Carolina, Regis Francois Gignoux, 1850. Public domain. Source record.

Disturbed and introduced wetlands

Wet ground taken over by weedy or introduced plants after disturbance, such as common reed, Chinese tallow or tamarisk stands; the upland counterpart is roadsides, fields and disturbed ground.

SummerWinter

Floodplain and bottomland forests

Forests on low ground beside rivers and streams that flood from time to time.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Blackwater Stream Floodplain Forest - Forest Modifier; Central Appalachian Riparian - Forest Modifier; South-Central Interior Large Floodplain - Forest Modifier; Southern Piedmont Large Floodplain Forest - Forest Modifier; Central Interior and Appalachian Floodplain Systems; Central Interior and Appalachian Riparian Systems; Southern Piedmont Small Floodplain and Riparian Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Small Brownwater River Floodplain Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Brownwater Stream Floodplain Forest; South-Central Interior Small Stream and Riparian; South-Central Interior Large Floodplain

Hardwood and oak flatwoods

Flat, poorly drained uplands and terraces with oaks, sweetgum and sometimes loblolly pine, wet in winter and dry in summer, but neither a floodplain nor a swamp.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Nonriverine Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest - Oak Dominated Modifier

Sounds, bays and tidal flats

Salt and brackish open water of sounds, bays and estuaries, with the mud and sand flats and seagrass beds that tides cover and uncover; the vegetated marsh is salt and brackish marshes.

SummerWinterOpen Water (Brackish/Salt)

Glades, barrens and outcrops on limestone

Cedar glade in the Pennyroyal Plain, Simpson County
SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Ridge and Valley Calcareous Valley Bottom Glade and WoodlandLimestone cedar glade. Shown: Pennyroyal Plain, Simpson County, Kentucky, a neighboring state.Cedar glade in the Pennyroyal Plain, Simpson County, Mason Brock (Masebrock), undated. Public domain. Source record.

Moist forests

Shortia beneath rhododendrons in mountain woodland
SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Southern Piedmont Mesic Forest; South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Mesic Hardwood and Mixed ForestRegional / representative. Shown: Mountains of North and South Carolina; exact site not identified, a neighboring state.Shortia beneath rhododendrons in mountain woodland, Marian Ellis Rowan, 1901. Public domain. Source record.

Northern hardwood forests

Frozen northern hardwood forest, Baxter Creek Trail
SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Northern hardwood forest in winter. Shown: Baxter Creek Trail near Mount Sterling, Haywood County, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Frozen northern hardwood forest, Baxter Creek Trail, Brian Stansberry, undated. CC BY 3.0. Source record.

Dry forests and woodlands

Forests and open woodlands on dry ridges and slopes, often oak or pine.

SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Central and Southern Appalachian Montane Oak Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Dry and Dry-Mesic Oak Forest; Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-(Pine) Forest - Hardwood Modifier; Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Dry Hardwood Forest; Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-(Pine) Forest; Central Appalachian Oak and Pine Forest; Southern Ridge and Valley Dry Calcareous Forest; Central Appalachian Pine-Oak Rocky Woodland

Granite and other acidic rock outcrops

Bare or thin-soil rock on granite, gneiss, sandstone, quartzite and similar acidic rock, including granite flatrocks and domes.

SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Cumberland Sandstone Glade and Barrens

Maritime forests and thickets

Salt-pruned forests and shrub thickets behind coastal dunes.

SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Maritime Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Maritime Forest

Moderately dry forests

Forests between dry and moist, often oak-hickory on slopes.

SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Dry and Dry-Mesic Oak Forest

Tree plantations and managed pine

Planted or intensively managed stands of pine or hardwoods grown for timber; a land use rather than a natural community.

SummerWinterOnly within 250 m of water.Deciduous Plantation; Evergreen Plantation or Managed Pine
Other habitats in its models (134)

Land cover, or classes with no habitat page in Virginia.

  • Open Water (Aquaculture) Summer and winter.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Beach Summer and winter.
  • Unconsolidated Shore (Lake/River/Pond) Summer and winter.
  • Unconsolidated Shore Summer and winter.
  • Upper Texas Coast Beach Winter.
  • Louisiana Beach Summer and winter.
  • Southeast Florida Beach Summer and winter.
  • South Florida Shell Hash Beach Summer and winter.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Sea Island Beach Summer and winter.
  • Southwest Florida Beach Summer and winter.
  • Texas Coastal Bend Beach Winter.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Limestone Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Plain Oak-Hickory Upland - Hardwood Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Northeastern Interior Dry Oak Forest-Hardwood Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Plain Oak-Hickory Upland - Juniper Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Northeastern Interior Dry Oak Forest - Mixed Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Ozark-Ouachita Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Interior Low Plateau Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Dry Upland Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Crosstimbers Oak Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • North-Central Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • North-Central Interior Dry Oak Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Ouachita Montane Oak Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • North-Central Interior Beech-Maple Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • North-Central Interior Maple-Basswood Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Bluff Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Loess Bluff Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Dry Upland Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • South Florida Hardwood Hammock Summer and winter.
  • Southwest Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Summer and winter.
  • Southeast Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Summer and winter.
  • Central and South Texas Coastal Fringe Forest and Woodland Winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Chenier and Upper Texas Coastal Fringe Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Mississippi River Alluvial Plain Dry-Mesic Loess Slope Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East-Central Texas Plains Post Oak Savanna and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East-Central Texas Plains Riparian Forest Summer and winter.
  • South Florida Pine Rockland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Oak Dome and Hammock Summer and winter.
  • Ozark-Ouachita Dry Oak Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Maritime Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Lower Mississippi River Dune Woodland and Forest Summer and winter.
  • Edwards Plateau Limestone Savanna and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Mississippi Delta Maritime Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Crowley's Ridge Mesic Loess Slope Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Mesic Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Mesic Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Ozark-Ouachita Mesic Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Mesic Slope Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Maritime Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest - Hardwood Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous Prairie and Woodland - Woodland Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Northeastern Interior Dry Oak Forest - Virginia/Pitch Pine Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-(Pine) Forest - Loblolly Pine Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Dry Upland Hardwood Forest - Offsite Pine Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Ridge and Valley Dry Calcareous Forest - Pine modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest - Mixed Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-(Pine) Forest - Mixed Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-Heath Forest - Mixed Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Upland Longleaf Pine Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southeastern Interior Longleaf Pine Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Central Interior Highlands Dry Acidic Glade and Barrens Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Ozark-Ouachita Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Pine-Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Sandhill Oak and Shortleaf Pine Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Northern Crowley's Ridge Sand Forest Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Offsite Hardwood Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Florida Longleaf Pine Sandhill - Open Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Florida Longleaf Pine Sandhill - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-Line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Loblolly Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Open Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Loblolly Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Open Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Scrub/Shrub Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Northeastern Interior Pine Barrens Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East-Central Texas Plains Pine Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Ozark-Ouachita Shortleaf Pine-Bluestem Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Offsite Hardwood Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Piedmont Glade and Barrens Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Nashville Basin Limestone Glade Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Central Appalachian Alkaline Glade and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Central Interior Highlands Calcareous Glade and Barrens Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Xeric River Dune Summer and winter.
  • Introduced Upland Vegetation - Treed Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Taxodium Modifier Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Bay/Gum Modifier Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Pine Modifier Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Clethra Modifier Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Summer and winter.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Summer and winter.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Tidal Wooded Swamp Summer and winter.
  • Central Interior and Appalachian Shrub-Herbaceous Wetland Systems Summer and winter.
  • South Florida Mangrove Swamp Summer and winter.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Large River Swamp Summer and winter.
  • South Florida Bayhead Swamp Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp Summer and winter.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Clay-Based Carolina Bay Forested Wetland Summer and winter.
  • South Florida Dwarf Cypress Savanna Summer and winter.
  • Lower Mississippi River Bottomland Depressions - Forest Modifier Summer and winter.
  • South Florida Cypress Dome Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Cypress Dome Summer and winter.
  • Mississippi River Bottomland Depression Summer and winter.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest - Forest Modifier Summer and winter.
  • Western Great Plains Floodplain Systems Summer and winter.
  • Eastern Great Plains Floodplain Systems Summer and winter.
  • Tamaulipan Riparian Systems Summer and winter.
  • Mississippi River Riparian Forest Summer and winter.
  • Cumberland Riverscour Summer and winter.
  • Mississippi River Low Floodplain (Bottomland) Forest Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Hydric Hammock Summer and winter.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Small Stream and River Forest Summer and winter.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Small Blackwater River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
  • Red River Large Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Small Stream and River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
  • Southern Coastal Plain Blackwater River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
  • Mississippi River Floodplain and Riparian Forest Summer and winter.
  • Ozark-Ouachita Riparian Summer and winter.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Jackson Plain Dry Flatwoods - Open Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Offsite Hardwood Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Open Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • South Florida Pine Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Wet Pine Savanna and Flatwoods Summer and winter.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna and Flatwoods Summer and winter.
  • Central Florida Pine Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Loblolly-Hardwood Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • South-Central Interior / Upper Coastal Plain Wet Flatwoods Summer and winter.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Pine-Hardwood Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • North-Central Interior Wet Flatwoods Summer and winter.
  • Lower Mississippi River Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 250 m of water.
  • West Gulf Coastal Plain Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Flatwoods Summer and winter.

All habitats

Seasons in Virginia

  • Year-round: nests here, in 8 of 133 counties and cities.
  • Migratory: does not nest here, in 94 of 133 counties and cities.
  • Winter: does not nest here, in 55 of 133 counties and cities.

Also found in this habitat

Plants 1061

Plants named in NatureServe descriptions of these habitats that grow in Virginia. Shared habitat, not food.

Wildlife 259

Other animals whose habitat models include the same habitats in Virginia. Not sighting records.

NatureServe Explorer, CC BY 4.0. USGS Gap Analysis Project habitat models.

Sources