Bird
Red-tailed Hawk
Buteo jamaicensis
Lives in Virginia all year and nests here. Found in all 133 counties and cities, across 30 habitats.
- Here
- All year
- Nesting
- Nests here
- Range
- All 133 counties and cities
- Habitats
- 30

At a glance
- Group
- Birds
- Here
- All year
- Nesting
- Nests here
- Range
- All 133 counties and cities
- Habitats
- 30
- Habitat models
- Year-round
Where it lives
The places its habitat model includes. It is not found everywhere a habitat occurs.
Habitats in Virginia 30
Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.
Cliffs, ledges and rocky summits


Granite and other acidic rock outcrops




Roadsides, fields and disturbed ground


Streams, rivers and their banks


Open sand of beaches, dunes and the hollows between them.
Depression ponds and limesinks
Shallow ponds in Coastal Plain depressions, such as limesinks and the ponds in some Carolina bays, that rise and fall with the seasons.
Disturbed and introduced wetlands
Wet ground taken over by weedy or introduced plants after disturbance, such as common reed, Chinese tallow or tamarisk stands; the upland counterpart is roadsides, fields and disturbed ground.
Forests and open woodlands on dry ridges and slopes, often oak or pine.
Floodplain and bottomland forests
Forests on low ground beside rivers and streams that flood from time to time.
Glades, barrens and outcrops on limestone
Open, thin-soil openings and rock on limestone, dolomite or other lime-rich rock, including cedar glades.
Flat, poorly drained uplands and terraces with oaks, sweetgum and sometimes loblolly pine, wet in winter and dry in summer, but neither a floodplain nor a swamp.
Salt-pruned forests and shrub thickets behind coastal dunes.
Forests between dry and moist, often oak-hickory on slopes.
Treeless grassy or shrubby summits and ridges in the high mountains.
Wet, open, peaty mountain wetlands fed by seepage, often with sphagnum moss.
High mountain forests of beech, yellow birch and sugar maple, including boulderfield forests.
Flat, sandy Coastal Plain pine woodlands, wetter than sandhills and denser than savannas.
Open, fire-kept longleaf pine stands over grasses and wildflowers on wet to moist sandy soil.
Dense evergreen shrub wetlands and bay forests on wet, acid peat of the Coastal Plain.
Still water and its edges: ponds, lakes, millponds and reservoirs.
Steep, sun-baked slopes of loose shale with sparse oaks and Virginia pine and their own endemic wildflowers. Linked only where the source names shale barrens; calcareous shale stays with the limestone glades.
Tree plantations and managed pine
Planted or intensively managed stands of pine or hardwoods grown for timber; a land use rather than a natural community.
Coastal tidal marshes (salinity not stated)
Tidal marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts where the source does not say whether the water is fresh, brackish or salt. A stated salinity files the marsh under freshwater tidal marshes or salt and brackish marshes instead.
Coastal marshes flooded by salty or brackish tides.
Other habitats in its models (480)
Land cover, or classes with no habitat page in Virginia. Those recorded in Virginia first, the rest by region.
In Virginia 3
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland Year-round.
- North-Central Appalachian Circumneutral Cliff and Talus Year-round.
- Southern Piedmont Glade and Barrens Year-round.
Elsewhere in the South (131)
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Salt and Brackish Tidal Marsh Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Indian River Lagoon Tidal Marsh Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Small Blackwater River Floodplain Forest Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Dune and Maritime Grassland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Maritime Forest Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Wet Pine Savanna and Flatwoods Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Xeric River Dune Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Central and South Texas Coastal Fringe Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Central and Upper Texas Coast Dune and Coastal Grassland Year-round.
- Central Florida Herbaceous Pondshore Year-round.
- Central Florida Herbaceous Seep Year-round.
- Central Florida Pine Flatwoods Year-round.
- Central Interior Highlands Calcareous Glade and Barrens Year-round.
- Central Interior Highlands Dry Acidic Glade and Barrens Year-round.
- Chihuahuan Stabilized Coppice Dune and Sand Flat Scrub Year-round.
- Coahuilan Chaparral Year-round.
- Crosstimbers Oak Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Cumberland Riverscour Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Dry Chalk Bluff Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Dune and Coastal Grassland Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Limestone Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Maritime Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Dry Upland Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Bluff Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Mesic Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Savanna and Wet Prairie Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Small Stream and River Floodplain Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Loblolly-Hardwood Flatwoods Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Loess Bluff Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Mesic Slope Forest Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Tidal Wooded Swamp Year-round.
- East-Central Texas Plains Floodplain Forest Year-round.
- East-Central Texas Plains Pine Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- East-Central Texas Plains Post Oak Savanna and Woodland Year-round.
- East-Central Texas Plains Riparian Forest Year-round.
- Edwards Plateau Dry-Mesic Slope Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Edwards Plateau Limestone Savanna and Woodland Year-round.
- Edwards Plateau Limestone Shrubland Year-round.
- Edwards Plateau Mesic Canyon Year-round.
- Edwards Plateau Riparian Year-round.
- Florida Big Bend Fresh-Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Year-round.
- Florida Big Bend Salt-Brackish Tidal Marsh Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Florida Dry Prairie Year-round.
- Florida Panhandle Beach Vegetation Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Florida Peninsula Inland Scrub Year-round.
- Llano Uplift Acidic Forest, Woodland and Glade Year-round.
- Louisiana Beach Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Lower Mississippi River Dune Woodland and Forest Year-round.
- Lower Mississippi River Flatwoods Year-round.
- Madrean Oriental Chaparral Year-round.
- Mississippi Delta Maritime Forest Year-round.
- Mississippi River Alluvial Plain Dry-Mesic Loess Slope Forest Year-round.
- Mississippi River Bottomland Depression Year-round.
- Mississippi River Low Floodplain (Bottomland) Forest Year-round.
- Mississippi River Riparian Forest Year-round.
- Mississippi Sound Salt and Brackish Tidal Marsh Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Nashville Basin Limestone Glade Year-round.
- Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Pitch Pine Lowland Year-round.
- Northern Crowley's Ridge Sand Forest Year-round.
- Ouachita Montane Oak Forest Year-round.
- Ozark-Ouachita Dry Oak Woodland Year-round.
- Ozark-Ouachita Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Year-round.
- Ozark-Ouachita Mesic Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- Ozark-Ouachita Riparian Year-round.
- Ozark-Ouachita Shortleaf Pine-Bluestem Woodland Year-round.
- Ozark-Ouachita Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Red River Large Floodplain Forest Year-round.
- South Florida Bayhead Swamp Year-round.
- South Florida Cypress Dome Year-round.
- South Florida Dwarf Cypress Savanna Year-round.
- South Florida Everglades Sawgrass Marsh Year-round.
- South Florida Freshwater Slough and Gator Hole Year-round.
- South Florida Hardwood Hammock Year-round.
- South Florida Mangrove Swamp Year-round.
- South Florida Pine Flatwoods Year-round.
- South Florida Pine Rockland Year-round.
- South Florida Wet Marl Prairie Year-round.
- South Texas Lomas Year-round.
- South-Central Interior / Upper Coastal Plain Flatwoods Year-round.
- South-Central Interior / Upper Coastal Plain Wet Flatwoods Year-round.
- Southeast Florida Beach Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Southeast Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Year-round.
- Southeastern Great Plains Tallgrass Prairie Year-round.
- Southeastern Interior Longleaf Pine Woodland Year-round.
- Southern Appalachian Granitic Dome Year-round.
- Southern Appalachian Rocky Summit Year-round.
- Southern Blackland Tallgrass Prairie Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Blackwater River Floodplain Forest Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Dry Upland Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Herbaceous Seepage Bog Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Hydric Hammock Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Cypress Dome Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Oak Dome and Hammock Year-round.
- Southern Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Year-round.
- Southern Crowley's Ridge Mesic Loess Slope Forest Year-round.
- Southern Interior Acid Cliff Year-round.
- Southern Interior Low Plateau Dry-Mesic Oak Forest Year-round.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Year-round.
- Southwest Florida Beach Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Southwest Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Year-round.
- Southwest Florida Dune and Coastal Grassland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Southwestern Great Plains Canyon Year-round.
- Tamaulipan Calcareous Thornscrub Year-round.
- Tamaulipan Floodplain Year-round.
- Tamaulipan Mixed Deciduous Thornscrub Year-round.
- Tamaulipan Savanna Grassland Year-round.
- Texas Coastal Bend Beach Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Texas Saline Coastal Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Texas-Louisiana Coastal Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Upper Texas Coast Beach Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Catahoula Barrens Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Chenier and Upper Texas Coastal Fringe Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Mesic Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Large River Swamp Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Nepheline Syenite Glade Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Flatwoods Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Calcareous Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Pine-Hardwood Flatwoods Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Pine-Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Sandhill Oak and Shortleaf Pine Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Small Stream and River Forest Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Calcareous Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Upland Longleaf Pine Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- West Gulf Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna and Flatwoods Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Floodplain Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Mesquite Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Sandhill Steppe Year-round.
Northeast (14)
- Acadian Low-Elevation Spruce-Fir-Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- Acadian-Appalachian Montane Spruce-Fir Forest Year-round.
- Acadian-Appalachian Subalpine Woodland and Heath-Krummholz Year-round.
- Central Appalachian Alkaline Glade and Woodland Year-round.
- Eastern Boreal Floodplain Year-round.
- Laurentian-Acadian Alkaline Conifer-Hardwood Swamp Year-round.
- Laurentian-Acadian Northern Hardwoods Forest Year-round.
- Laurentian-Acadian Northern Pine-(Oak) Forest Year-round.
- Laurentian-Acadian Pine-Hemlock-Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- North-Central Interior Wet Flatwoods Year-round.
- Northeastern Interior Pine Barrens Year-round.
- Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Dune and Swale Year-round.
- Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Heathland and Grassland Year-round.
- Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Pitch Pine Barrens Year-round.
Midwest (34)
- Boreal Aspen-Birch Forest Year-round.
- Central Interior Acidic Cliff and Talus Year-round.
- Central Interior Calcareous Cliff and Talus Year-round.
- Central Mixedgrass Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Central Tallgrass Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Eastern Great Plains Tallgrass Aspen Parkland Year-round.
- Great Lakes Acidic Rocky Shore and Cliff Year-round.
- Great Lakes Alvar Year-round.
- Great Lakes Dune Year-round.
- Great Lakes Wet-Mesic Lakeplain Prairie Year-round.
- Great Lakes Wooded Dune and Swale Year-round.
- Great Plains Prairie Pothole Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Laurentian Jack Pine-Red Pine Forest Year-round.
- Laurentian Pine-Oak Barrens Year-round.
- North-Central Interior Beech-Maple Forest Year-round.
- North-Central Interior Dry Oak Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- North-Central Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- North-Central Interior Maple-Basswood Forest Year-round.
- North-Central Interior Oak Savanna Year-round.
- North-Central Interior Sand and Gravel Tallgrass Prairie Year-round.
- North-Central Oak Barrens Year-round.
- Northern Great Lakes Coastal Marsh Year-round.
- Northern Tallgrass Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Northwestern Great Plains Aspen Forest and Parkland Year-round.
- Northwestern Great Plains Floodplain Year-round.
- Northwestern Great Plains Mixedgrass Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Northwestern Great Plains Riparian Year-round.
- Northwestern Great Plains Shrubland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Dry Bur Oak Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Open Freshwater Depression Wetland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Saline Depression Wetland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Sand Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Western Great Plains Tallgrass Prairie Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine Year-round.
West (206)
- Apacherian-Chihuahuan Mesquite Upland Scrub Year-round.
- Apacherian-Chihuahuan Semi-Desert Grassland and Steppe Year-round.
- California Central Valley and Southern Coastal Grassland Year-round.
- California Central Valley Mixed Oak Savanna Year-round.
- California Central Valley Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- California Coastal Closed-Cone Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- California Coastal Live Oak Woodland and Savanna Year-round.
- California Coastal Redwood Forest Year-round.
- California Lower Montane Blue Oak-Foothill Pine Woodland and Savanna Year-round.
- California Maritime Chaparral Year-round.
- California Mesic Chaparral Year-round.
- California Mesic Serpentine Grassland Year-round.
- California Montane Jeffrey Pine-(Ponderosa Pine) Woodland Year-round.
- California Montane Woodland and Chaparral Year-round.
- California Northern Coastal Grassland Year-round.
- California Xeric Serpentine Chaparral Year-round.
- Central and Southern California Mixed Evergreen Woodland Year-round.
- Central California Coast Ranges Cliff and Canyon Year-round.
- Chihuahuan Gypsophilous Grassland and Steppe Year-round.
- Chihuahuan Loamy Plains Desert Grassland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Chihuahuan Mixed Salt Desert Scrub Year-round.
- Chihuahuan Sandy Plains Semi-Desert Grassland Year-round.
- Chihuahuan Succulent Desert Scrub Year-round.
- Chihuahuan-Sonoran Desert Bottomland and Swale Grassland Year-round.
- Colorado Plateau Blackbrush-Mormon-tea Shrubland Year-round.
- Colorado Plateau Mixed Bedrock Canyon and Tableland Year-round.
- Colorado Plateau Mixed Low Sagebrush Shrubland Year-round.
- Colorado Plateau Pinyon-Juniper Shrubland Year-round.
- Colorado Plateau Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Year-round.
- Columbia Basin Foothill and Canyon Dry Grassland Year-round.
- Columbia Basin Foothill Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- Columbia Basin Palouse Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Columbia Plateau Ash and Tuff Badland Year-round.
- Columbia Plateau Low Sagebrush Steppe Year-round.
- Columbia Plateau Scabland Shrubland Year-round.
- Columbia Plateau Silver Sagebrush Seasonally Flooded Shrub-Steppe Year-round.
- Columbia Plateau Steppe and Grassland Year-round.
- Columbia Plateau Vernal Pool Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Columbia Plateau Western Juniper Woodland and Savanna Year-round.
- East Cascades Mesic Montane Mixed-Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- East Cascades Oak-Ponderosa Pine Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Great Basin Foothill and Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- Great Basin Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Year-round.
- Great Basin Semi-Desert Chaparral Year-round.
- Great Basin Xeric Mixed Sagebrush Shrubland Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Active and Stabilized Dune Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Alkaline Closed Depression Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Aspen-Mixed Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Big Sagebrush Shrubland Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Big Sagebrush Steppe Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Cliff and Canyon Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Greasewood Flat Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Interdunal Swale Wetland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Juniper Savanna Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Mat Saltbush Shrubland Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Mixed Salt Desert Scrub Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Montane Sagebrush Steppe Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Playa Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Semi-Desert Grassland Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Shale Badland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Subalpine Limber-Bristlecone Pine Woodland Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Volcanic Rock and Cinder Land Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Wash Year-round.
- Klamath-Siskiyou Cliff and Outcrop Year-round.
- Klamath-Siskiyou Lower Montane Serpentine Mixed Conifer Woodland Year-round.
- Klamath-Siskiyou Upper Montane Serpentine Mixed Conifer Woodland Year-round.
- Klamath-Siskiyou Xeromorphic Serpentine Savanna and Chaparral Year-round.
- Madrean Encinal Year-round.
- Madrean Juniper Savanna Year-round.
- Madrean Pine-Oak Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Madrean Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Year-round.
- Madrean Upper Montane Conifer-Oak Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Alpine Fell-Field Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Mediterranean California Coastal Bluff Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Dry-Mesic Mixed Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Foothill and Lower Montane Riparian Woodland Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Lower Montane Black Oak-Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Mesic Mixed Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Mesic Serpentine Woodland and Chaparral Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Mixed Evergreen Forest Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Mixed Oak Woodland Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Northern Coastal Dune Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Mediterranean California Red Fir Forest Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Serpentine Barrens Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Mediterranean California Serpentine Fen Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Serpentine Foothill and Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Seep Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Southern Coastal Dune Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Mediterranean California Subalpine Meadow Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Mediterranean California Subalpine Woodland Year-round.
- Mediterranean California Subalpine-Montane Fen Year-round.
- Middle Rocky Mountain Montane Douglas-fir Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Mogollon Chaparral Year-round.
- Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Year-round.
- North American Arid West Emergent Marsh Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North American Warm Desert Active and Stabilized Dune Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North American Warm Desert Badland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North American Warm Desert Bedrock Cliff and Outcrop Year-round.
- North American Warm Desert Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- North American Warm Desert Pavement Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North American Warm Desert Playa Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North American Warm Desert Riparian Mesquite Bosque Year-round.
- North American Warm Desert Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- North American Warm Desert Volcanic Rockland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North American Warm Desert Wash Year-round.
- North Pacific Alpine and Subalpine Bedrock and Scree Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Alpine and Subalpine Dry Grassland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Avalanche Chute Shrubland Year-round.
- North Pacific Bog and Fen Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Broadleaf Landslide Forest and Shrubland Year-round.
- North Pacific Coastal Cliff and Bluff Year-round.
- North Pacific Dry and Mesic Alpine Dwarf-Shrubland, Fell-field and Meadow Year-round.
- North Pacific Dry Douglas-fir-(Madrone) Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- North Pacific Dry-Mesic Silver Fir-Western Hemlock-Douglas-fir Forest Year-round.
- North Pacific Hardwood-Conifer Swamp Year-round.
- North Pacific Herbaceous Bald and Bluff Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Hypermaritime Shrub and Herbaceous Headland Year-round.
- North Pacific Hypermaritime Sitka Spruce Forest Year-round.
- North Pacific Hypermaritime Western Red-cedar-Western Hemlock Forest Year-round.
- North Pacific Intertidal Freshwater Wetland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Lowland Riparian Forest and Shrubland Year-round.
- North Pacific Maritime Coastal Sand Dune and Strand Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Maritime Dry-Mesic Douglas-fir-Western Hemlock Forest Year-round.
- North Pacific Maritime Mesic Subalpine Parkland Year-round.
- North Pacific Maritime Mesic-Wet Douglas-fir-Western Hemlock Forest Year-round.
- North Pacific Mesic Western Hemlock-Silver Fir Forest Year-round.
- North Pacific Montane Grassland Year-round.
- North Pacific Montane Massive Bedrock, Cliff and Talus Year-round.
- North Pacific Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- North Pacific Montane Shrubland Year-round.
- North Pacific Mountain Hemlock Forest Year-round.
- North Pacific Oak Woodland Year-round.
- North Pacific Serpentine Barren Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Shrub Swamp Year-round.
- North Pacific Volcanic Rock and Cinder Land Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North Pacific Wooded Volcanic Flowage Year-round.
- Northern and Central California Dry-Mesic Chaparral Year-round.
- Northern California Claypan Vernal Pool Year-round.
- Northern California Coastal Scrub Year-round.
- Northern California Mesic Subalpine Woodland Year-round.
- Northern Pacific Mesic Subalpine Woodland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Avalanche Chute Shrubland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Conifer Swamp Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Dry-Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Foothill Conifer Wooded Steppe Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Lower Montane, Foothill and Valley Grassland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Montane-Foothill Deciduous Shrubland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Deciduous Shrubland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine Woodland and Parkland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Upper Montane Grassland Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Western Larch Savanna Year-round.
- Northern Rocky Mountain Wooded Vernal Pool Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Alpine Bedrock and Scree Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Rocky Mountain Alpine Dwarf-Shrubland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Alpine-Montane Wet Meadow Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Aspen Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Bigtooth Maple Ravine Woodland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Cliff, Canyon and Massive Bedrock Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Dry Tundra Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Rocky Mountain Foothill Limber Pine-Juniper Woodland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Gambel Oak-Mixed Montane Shrubland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Lodgepole Pine Forest Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Lower Montane Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Lower Montane-Foothill Shrubland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Poor-Site Lodgepole Pine Forest Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Subalpine Dry-Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Subalpine Mesic Spruce-Fir Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Fen Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Limber-Bristlecone Pine Woodland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Mesic Meadow Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Shrubland Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Subalpine-Montane Riparian Woodland Year-round.
- Sierra Nevada Cliff and Canyon Year-round.
- Sierra Nevada Subalpine Lodgepole Pine Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Sierran-Intermontane Desert Western White Pine-White Fir Woodland Year-round.
- Sonora-Mojave Creosotebush-White Bursage Desert Scrub Year-round.
- Sonora-Mojave Mixed Salt Desert Scrub Year-round.
- Sonora-Mojave Semi-Desert Chaparral Year-round.
- Sonoran Mid-Elevation Desert Scrub Year-round.
- Sonoran Paloverde-Mixed Cacti Desert Scrub Year-round.
- Southern California Coast Ranges Cliff and Canyon Year-round.
- Southern California Coastal Scrub Year-round.
- Southern California Dry-Mesic Chaparral Year-round.
- Southern California Oak Woodland and Savanna Year-round.
- Southern Colorado Plateau Sand Shrubland Year-round.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Dry-Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Juniper Woodland and Savanna Year-round.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Montane-Subalpine Grassland Year-round.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Savanna Year-round.
- Southern Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland Year-round.
- Temperate Pacific Freshwater Emergent Marsh Year-round.
- Temperate Pacific Freshwater Mudflat Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Temperate Pacific Intertidal Mudflat Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Temperate Pacific Montane Wet Meadow Year-round.
- Temperate Pacific Tidal Salt and Brackish Marsh Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Cliff and Outcrop Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Closed Depression Wetland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Foothill and Piedmont Grassland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Riparian Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Shortgrass Prairie Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Willamette Valley Upland Prairie and Savanna Year-round.
- Willamette Valley Wet Prairie Year-round.
- Wyoming Basins Dwarf Sagebrush Shrubland and Steppe Year-round.
Land cover and other classes (92)
- Acadian Salt Marsh and Estuary Systems Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Allegheny-Cumberland Dry Oak Forest and Woodland - Pine Modifier Year-round.
- Arkansas Valley Prairie and Woodland Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Clay-Based Carolina Bay Forested Wetland Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Clay-Based Carolina Bay Herbaceous Wetland Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-Line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Loblolly Modifier Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Offsite Hardwood Modifier Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Open Understory Modifier Year-round.
- Atlantic Coastal Plain Fall-line Sandhills Longleaf Pine Woodland - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Year-round.
- Barren Land Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Boreal Acidic Peatland Systems Year-round.
- Boreal Jack Pine-Black Spruce Forest Year-round.
- Boreal White Spruce-Fir-Hardwood Forest Year-round.
- Central Interior and Appalachian Shrub-Herbaceous Wetland Systems Year-round.
- Chihuahuan Creosotebush, Mixed Desert and Thorn Scrub Year-round.
- Chihuahuan Mixed Desert and Thorn Scrub Year-round.
- Developed, High Intensity Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Developed, Low Intensity Year-round.
- Developed, Medium Intensity Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous Prairie and Woodland - Herbaceous Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous Prairie and Woodland - Woodland Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest - Hardwood Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest - Mixed Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Loblolly Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Offsite Hardwood Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Open Understory Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Interior Upland Longleaf Pine Woodland - Scrub/Shrub Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Jackson Plain Dry Flatwoods - Open Understory Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Jackson Prairie and Woodland Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest - Forest Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest - Herbaceous Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Offsite Hardwood Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Open Understory Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Dry Upland Hardwood Forest - Offsite Pine Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Plain Oak-Hickory Upland - Hardwood Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Plain Oak-Hickory Upland - Juniper Modifier Year-round.
- East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Depression Pondshore Year-round.
- Eastern Great Plains Floodplain Systems Year-round.
- Eastern Great Plains Wet Meadow, Prairie, and Marsh Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Eastern Highland Rim Prairie and Barrens - Dry Modifier Year-round.
- Florida Longleaf Pine Sandhill - Open Understory Modifier Year-round.
- Florida Longleaf Pine Sandhill - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Year-round.
- Harvested Forest - Grass/Forb Regeneration Year-round.
- Harvested Forest - Northwestern Conifer Regeneration Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany Woodland and Shrubland Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Montane Riparian Systems Year-round.
- Inter-Mountain Basins Semi-Desert Shrub Steppe Year-round.
- Introduced Upland Vegetation - Annual Grassland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Introduced Upland Vegetation - Forbland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Introduced Upland Vegetation - Perennial Grassland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Introduced Upland Vegetation - Perennial Grassland and Forbland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Introduced Upland Vegetation - Shrub Year-round.
- Introduced Upland Vegetation - Treed Year-round.
- Laurentian-Acadian Floodplain Systems Year-round.
- Laurentian-Acadian Shrub-Herbaceous Wetland Systems Year-round.
- Laurentian-Acadian Swamp Systems Year-round.
- Lower Mississippi River Bottomland Depressions - Forest Modifier Year-round.
- Mississippi River Floodplain and Riparian Forest Year-round.
- Modified/Managed Southern Tall Grassland Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- North American Warm Desert Riparian Systems Year-round.
- North Pacific Lowland Mixed Hardwood-Conifer Forest and Woodland Year-round.
- Northeastern Interior Dry Oak Forest - Mixed Modifier Year-round.
- Northeastern Interior Dry Oak Forest - Virginia/Pitch Pine Modifier Year-round.
- Northeastern Interior Dry Oak Forest-Hardwood Modifier Year-round.
- Northwestern Great Plains - Black Hills Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna Year-round.
- Orchards Vineyards and Other High Structure Agriculture Year-round.
- Paleozoic Plateau Bluff and Talus Year-round.
- Quarries, Mines, Gravel Pits and Oil Wells Year-round.
- Recently Burned Year-round.
- Recently Burned Forest Year-round.
- Recently Burned Grassland Year-round.
- Recently Burned Shrubland Year-round.
- Recently Chained Pinyon-Juniper Areas Year-round.
- Recently Logged Areas Year-round.
- Rocky Mountain Alpine Tundra/Fell-field/Dwarf-shrub Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Rocky Mountain Montane Riparian Systems Year-round.
- South Texas Dune and Coastal Grassland Year-round.
- South Texas Sand Sheet Grassland Year-round.
- South-Central Interior Large Floodplain - Herbaceous Modifier Year-round.
- Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-(Pine) Forest - Loblolly Pine Modifier Year-round.
- Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-(Pine) Forest - Mixed Modifier Year-round.
- Southern Piedmont Dry Oak-Heath Forest - Mixed Modifier Year-round.
- Southern Ridge and Valley Dry Calcareous Forest - Pine modifier Year-round.
- Tamaulipan Clay Grassland Year-round.
- Tamaulipan Riparian Systems Year-round.
- Texas-Louisiana Coastal Prairie Slough Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Unconsolidated Shore Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Unconsolidated Shore (Lake/River/Pond) Year-round, beside its main habitat.
- Western Great Plains Badland Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Depressional Wetland Systems Year-round.
- Western Great Plains Floodplain Systems Year-round.
Seasons in Virginia
- Year-round: nests here, in all 133 counties and cities.
Also found in its main habitats
Its main habitats in Virginia, by how much of its habitat model each one is, with the birds most characteristic of each and the plants that grow wild there. Shared habitat, not food.
Red-tailed Hawk uses many habitats in Virginia; these are its 3 most characteristic.
Dry forests and woodlands
Birds 69
- Pine WarblerDendroica pinus
- Red CrossbillLoxia curvirostra
- Brown-headed NuthatchSitta pusilla
- Blackburnian WarblerDendroica fusca
- Brewer's BlackbirdEuphagus cyanocephalus
- Red-breasted NuthatchSitta canadensis
- Blue-headed VireoVireo solitarius
- White-crowned SparrowZonotrichia leucophrys
- White-winged CrossbillLoxia leucoptera
- Yellow-throated WarblerDendroica dominica
- Prairie WarblerDendroica discolor
- Black-throated Blue WarblerDendroica caerulescens
Plants 230
- American ChestnutCastanea dentata
- Eastern Winged SumacRhus copallinum var. latifolia
- Godfrey's ThoroughwortEupatorium godfreyanum
- White ThoroughwortEupatorium album
- Sessileleaf Tick-trefoilDesmodium sessilifolium
- Leavenworth's SedgeCarex leavenworthii
- Southern Whitetinge SedgeCarex albicans var. australis
- Southern LoosestrifeSteironema tonsum
- Carolina LilyLilium michauxii
- Tall BellflowerCampanulastrum americanum
- Bigleaf SnowbellStyrax grandifolius
- Delicate Rabbit-tobaccoPseudognaphalium micradenium
Floodplain and bottomland forests
Birds 87
- Lincoln's SparrowMelospiza lincolnii
- Snowy OwlBubo scandiacus
- Willow FlycatcherEmpidonax traillii
- Brewer's BlackbirdEuphagus cyanocephalus
- Northern WaterthrushSeiurus noveboracensis
- GadwallAnas strepera
- Yellow-throated WarblerDendroica dominica
- Black-throated Blue WarblerDendroica caerulescens
- Glossy IbisPlegadis falcinellus
- Great CormorantPhalacrocorax carbo
- Least BitternIxobrychus exilis
- Louisiana WaterthrushSeiurus motacilla
Plants 381
- Elliott's BlueberryVaccinium elliottii
- Possumhaw HollyIlex decidua
- Cherrybark OakQuercus pagoda
- Appalachian Orange ConeflowerRudbeckia fulgida var. umbrosa
- Shagbark HickoryCarya ovata
- Southern Shagbark HickoryCarya carolinae-septentrionalis
- Spreading SedgeCarex laxiculmis
- Louisiana SedgeCarex louisianica
- Common Cup-plantSilphium perfoliatum
- Smooth Hedge-nettleStachys tenuifolia
- Virginia Cup-plantSilphium connatum
- Coville's PhaceliaPhacelia covillei
Swamps
Birds 83
- Gull-billed TernGelochelidon nilotica
- Brewer's BlackbirdEuphagus cyanocephalus
- Eurasian WigeonAnas penelope
- King RailRallus elegans
- Northern WaterthrushSeiurus noveboracensis
- Red-breasted NuthatchSitta canadensis
- RedheadAythya americana
- Tricolored HeronEgretta tricolor
- Black RailLaterallus jamaicensis
- Red-breasted MerganserMergus serrator
- Ruddy TurnstoneArenaria interpres
- Yellow-throated WarblerDendroica dominica
Plants 318
- Dense-flower SmartweedPersicaria densiflora
- Carolina AshFraxinus caroliniana
- Water HickoryCarya aquatica
- Bent SedgeCarex styloflexa
- Cypress-swamp SedgeCarex joorii
- Fringed SedgeCarex crinita
- Ravenfoot SedgeCarex crus-corvi
- Weak Stellate SedgeCarex seorsa
- Swamp ButtercupRanunculus septentrionalis
- Drooping BulrushScirpus lineatus
- Shield Marsh-pennywortHydrocotyle verticillata
- Spreading BulrushScirpus divaricatus
Sources
- USGS Gap Analysis Project habitat models (2001)
- USGS GAP year-round habitat model for Red-tailed Hawk Avoids forest interior
- USGS Gap Analysis Project range maps (2001), modeled by watershed; migratory gives no dates
- NatureServe Explorer (CC BY 4.0), habitat names
- US Census TIGER/Line counties
- Names follow the USGS Gap Analysis Project (2001)






















































