Habitat in Virginia
Spruce-fir forests
Cool, evergreen forests of red spruce and Fraser fir on the highest mountains. Schafale
- Plants
- 17
- Birds
- 59

Plants
Plants that grow wild in this habitat in Virginia. Not a planting list.
- Southern Mountain CranberryVaccinium erythrocarpum
- Lanceleaf GoldenrodSolidago lancifolia
- Dotted HawthornCrataegus punctata
- HobblebushViburnum lantanoides
- Skunk CurrantRibes glandulosum
- Red ElderberrySambucus racemosa var. pubens
- Mountain Wood-asterEurybia chlorolepis
- Red SprucePicea rubens
- Drooping Woodland SedgeCarex arctata
- Mountain WoodsorrelOxalis montana
- Whorled Wood-asterOclemena acuminata
- Narrowleaf GentianGentiana linearis
- Mountain Wood-fernDryopteris campyloptera
- Northern ShorthuskBrachyelytrum aristosum
- Drooping WoodreedCinna latifolia
- Tree Ground-pineDendrolycopodium dendroideum
- Bluebead-lilyClintonia borealis
Wildlife
Animals whose habitat model includes this habitat in Virginia. Shared habitat, not food.
Birds 55
- Sharp-shinned HawkAccipiter striatus
- Tufted TitmouseBaeolophus bicolor
- Turkey VultureCathartes aura
- White-throated SparrowZonotrichia albicollis
- White-winged CrossbillLoxia leucoptera
- Yellow-bellied SapsuckerSphyrapicus varius
- Yellow-rumped WarblerDendroica coronata
Near water in this habitat 4
These use it only close to water, such as stream banks for nesting.
- Belted KingfisherMegaceryle alcyon
- Hooded MerganserLophodytes cucullatus
- OspreyPandion haliaetus
- VeeryCatharus fuscescens
Sources
- Schafale, Guide to the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Fourth Approximation (NC Natural Heritage Program, 2012) habitat description
- Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition, habitat text phone app
- NC Parks species accounts
- USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information System (reviewed notes)
- USGS Gap Analysis Project habitat models (2001)
- USGS Gap Analysis Project range maps (2001)
- NatureServe Explorer ecological systems (CC BY 4.0)
- Spruce-fir forest, Hynes, Robert 'Bob' habitat picture
Habitat classes are filed under these habitat types by reviewed matches; descriptions are short glosses.

























