Northern Cardinal

Open sand of beaches, dunes and the hollows between them.

Dense, evergreen groves of live oak, magnolia and other hardwoods in the southern Coastal Plain, from dry oak domes to wet hydric hammocks and south Florida's tropical hammocks; salt-shaped maritime hammocks are maritime forests.

Open, wet, seepage-fed bogs of the Coastal Plain and Sandhills, often with pitcher plants.

Tidal marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts where the source does not say whether the water is fresh, brackish or salt. A stated salinity files the marsh under freshwater tidal marshes or salt and brackish marshes instead.

Wet ground taken over by weedy or introduced plants after disturbance, such as common reed, Chinese tallow or tamarisk stands; the upland counterpart is roadsides, fields and disturbed ground.

Forests and open woodlands on dry ridges and slopes, often oak or pine.

Forests on low ground beside rivers and streams that flood from time to time.

Borders of forests, clearings and shrubby thickets.

Open, herb-covered wetlands with fresh, non-tidal water.

Flat, poorly drained uplands and terraces with oaks, sweetgum and sometimes loblolly pine, wet in winter and dry in summer, but neither a floodplain nor a swamp.

Salt-pruned forests and shrub thickets behind coastal dunes.

Forests between dry and moist, often oak-hickory on slopes.

Forests on moist but not wet ground, such as rich slopes and ravines.

Flat, sandy Coastal Plain pine woodlands, wetter than sandhills and denser than savannas.

Open, fire-kept longleaf pine stands over grasses and wildflowers on wet to moist sandy soil.

Open, grass-dominated places kept open by fire, grazing or thin soil, from tallgrass prairie to Piedmont prairies.

Ground opened by people: roadsides, old fields, pastures, fencerows and lots.

Coastal marshes flooded by salty or brackish tides.

Planted or intensively managed stands of pine or hardwoods grown for timber; a land use rather than a natural community.