{"assessment":{"band":"Not native","fit_score":null,"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Reported non-native to West Virginia.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a West Virginia percentile","score":null,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"status":"not_native","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:4e700c9a9c1a58f8e464a765c512d7827ed738f958c7f524692e863e14500430","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:fbfa0f17bad08b3eab8a97dd4066d9bfb45249b522fb7bca88b7c5109b110122","levels":[0,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":[],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":[],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"natureserve_explorer","native_evidence":[{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa, escaped throughout our region. Reported as new to Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa, escaped throughout our region. Reported as new to Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Torilis helvetica","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":6763,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Torilis helvetica","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1279157/Torilis_helvetica"}],"native_explanation":"NatureServe Explorer (garden or conservation group, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC), not this state: Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","native_provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"natureserve_explorer","specificity":"state","tier":"organization"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["natureserve_explorer:WV:ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1279157"],"source_name":"Torilis helvetica","source_refs":["natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1279157","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["natureserve_explorer"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1279157","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"fit_record":{"band":"Not native","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:4e700c9a9c1a58f8e464a765c512d7827ed738f958c7f524692e863e14500430","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:fbfa0f17bad08b3eab8a97dd4066d9bfb45249b522fb7bca88b7c5109b110122","levels":[0,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":[],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":null,"state":"WV"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Torilis helvetica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Torilis helvetica","source_record_id":6763,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Roadsides, fields, disturbed areas."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa, escaped throughout our region. Reported as new to Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May-Jun (-Jul)."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= NSProv, Banfi, Galasso, & Soldano (2011); Caucalis helvaetica Jacquin; = n/a — F, Pa, Tat; = Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link ssp. recta Jury — Jury (1996), Jury (2003); Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link — Ar, C, Fl7, G, GrPl, Il, MC, Mo2, NcTx, NY, Ok, RAB, Tn, Va, W, WH3, DiTommaso et al (2014); Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link ssp. arvensis — Can, FNA13, K1, K4, NS, POWO]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The widely naturalized Torilis in eastern North America is not Torilis arvensis s.s., or Torilis arvensis ssp. arvensis , but Torilis arvensis ssp. recta or (if treated at species rank, as here) Torilis helvetica . The mericarps of this species cling tenaciously to clothing and fur and were used in the successful prosecution of a felony case in Fort Worth, TX in 1995 (Diggs et. al. 1999)."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"Organism","value":5},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6763,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"in,nr","Attr11":"6+","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DC,DSN","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_mt:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"c","Attr9":"in,wi"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"The widely naturalized Torilis in eastern North America is not Torilis arvensis s.s., or Torilis arvensis ssp. arvensis , but Torilis arvensis ssp. recta or (if treated at species rank, as here) Torilis helvetica . The mericarps of this species cling tenaciously to clothing and fur and were used in the successful prosecution of a felony case in Fort Worth, TX in 1995 (Diggs et. al. 1999).","geographic_range_description":"Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa, escaped throughout our region. Reported as new to Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"in,nr","Attr11":"6+","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DC,DSN","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_mt:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"c","Attr9":"in,wi"},"habitat_description":"Roadsides, fields, disturbed areas.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":5,"phenology_source_text":"May-Jun (-Jul).","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= NSProv, Banfi, Galasso, & Soldano (2011); Caucalis helvaetica Jacquin; = n/a — F, Pa, Tat; = Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link ssp. recta Jury — Jury (1996), Jury (2003); Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link — Ar, C, Fl7, G, GrPl, Il, MC, Mo2, NcTx, NY, Ok, RAB, Tn, Va, W, WH3, DiTommaso et al (2014); Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link ssp. arvensis — Can, FNA13, K1, K4, NS, POWO]"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa, escaped throughout our region. Reported as new to Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"range text names a native range outside North America","claim":"introduced","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Native of Mediterranean Europe and n. Africa, escaped throughout our region. Reported as new to Delaware (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Torilis helvetica","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":6763,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Torilis helvetica","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1279157/Torilis_helvetica"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"natureserve_explorer","explanation":"NatureServe Explorer (garden or conservation group, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC), not this state: Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","label":"Not native to West Virginia","provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"natureserve_explorer","specificity":"state","tier":"organization"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Torilis helvetica","taxon_id":"taxon:ee871cc6-1f7a-5427-94a9-25a6142d2dfb","revision":"publish:d412fcf4-883a-4c06-b542-542693807821","photos":[]}