{"assessment":{"band":"Harmful","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":null,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Threat 3 (occasionally invasive)","listed":true,"rank":null,"scientific_name":"Sonchus arvensis","state":"WV","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in West Virginia; do not plant. Provisional −30 Harmful baseline without a shared severity profile.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a West Virginia percentile","score":-30,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"provisional_unranked_default","severity_mapping":"No supported severity category crosswalk; shared provisional unranked-invasive default","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["54093"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["54093"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Threat 3 (occasionally invasive)","listed":true,"rank":null,"scientific_name":"Sonchus arvensis","state":"WV","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"}],"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"wv_invasive","native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","scope":"WV","source":"wv_invasive","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Sonchus arvensis","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:I L48:I SPM:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Sonchus arvensis","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148668/Sonchus_arvensis"}],"native_explanation":"West Virginia DNR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"wv_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["natureserve_explorer:WV:ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148668"],"source_name":"Sonchus arvensis","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","wv_invasive"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148668","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","wv_invasive"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148668","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":null,"moisture":[1,2],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"moisture":"USACE wetland occurrence proxy"},"fit_record":{"band":"Harmful","condition_evidence":{},"county_fips":["21043","22127","47013","47041","47049","47125","47149","54093"],"fit_inputs":{"light":null,"moisture":[1,2],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"moisture":"USACE wetland occurrence proxy"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-30,"state":"WV"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"forest_service":{"identity_basis":"Exact existing catalog or state-source name","matched_name":"Sonchus arvensis","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:43:25.898707+00:00","scope":"Source botanical description; original units and scope retained","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"Fire Effects Information System: Sonchus arvensis","source_sha256":"a49452e07509b067aa70fec730b0bb9a23af521ee1d5008131dc82ba0553615d","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/sonarv","trait_evidence":[{"catalog_id":"nc:sonchus-arvensis","field":"height_description","height_description":"Stems are erect, 0.1 to 0.4 inches (3-10 mm) in diameter, and most commonly 24 to 59 inches (60-150 cm) tall; although they range from 12 to 71 inches (30-180 cm) tall.","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Sonchus arvensis","paragraph_sha256":"908be86605e311adf96508bb9c77e040c5a5ae720819f7fc15eec2e54ef014fc","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:43:25.898707+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Stems are erect, 0.1 to 0.4 inches (3-10 mm) in diameter, and most commonly 24 to 59 inches (60-150 cm) tall; although they range from 12 to 71 inches (30-180 cm) tall. Stems are hollow and branched, varying from 2 to many per plant. Leaves are crowded on the lower stems and sparse on the upper stems. The entire plant is filled with milky latex [74].","source_section":"Sonchus arvensis, field sowthistle / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"a49452e07509b067aa70fec730b0bb9a23af521ee1d5008131dc82ba0553615d","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Sonchus arvensis","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/sonarv"}],"values":{"height_description":"Stems are erect, 0.1 to 0.4 inches (3-10 mm) in diameter, and most commonly 24 to 59 inches (60-150 cm) tall; although they range from 12 to 71 inches (30-180 cm) tall."}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Sonchus arvensis","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:40:32.611512+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"378b59b95260a5718108231b9521ea159accb4147bd326bf18ac311091520889","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/perennial-sowthistle","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Sonchus arvensis","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:1a833c7fd4e905c0f344f0b01a8bde6a2a4621300e90bd96df14805b1f901d03","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:32.611512+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Sonchus arvensis","source_sha256":"378b59b95260a5718108231b9521ea159accb4147bd326bf18ac311091520889","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/perennial-sowthistle","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:c96fbead-dbfd-5ca2-8044-2f7edd914951","value":["perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Sonchus arvensis","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:1d764fd8ac3ae73d1213ddeac776fb4082b74d9f59bade05e2c3991d02029eb0","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:32.611512+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Sonchus arvensis","source_sha256":"378b59b95260a5718108231b9521ea159accb4147bd326bf18ac311091520889","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/perennial-sowthistle","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:c96fbead-dbfd-5ca2-8044-2f7edd914951","value":{"max":4,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"height_description":"2–4 feet","life_cycle":["perennial"]}}},"native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","scope":"WV","source":"wv_invasive","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Sonchus arvensis","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:I L48:I SPM:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Sonchus arvensis","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.148668/Sonchus_arvensis"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"wv_invasive","explanation":"West Virginia DNR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","label":"Not native to West Virginia","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"wv_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Sonchus arvensis","taxon_id":"taxon:c96fbead-dbfd-5ca2-8044-2f7edd914951","revision":"publish:d412fcf4-883a-4c06-b542-542693807821","photos":[]}