{"assessment":{"band":"Severe harm","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":null,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Threat 1 (highly invasive)","listed":true,"rank":1,"scientific_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","state":"WV","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in West Virginia; do not plant. Uses the shared severity scale applied to the sourced state invasive category.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a West Virginia percentile","score":-85,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"1","native":false,"state_rank":"S5"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Source Severe/Significant Threat category mapped to the identically named shared severity category; not an ecological effect-size equivalence","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:c14bb5817b26beec217f2b8cb7c5d93616b5bf32dcefb1ee9887e6a03559cbae","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:be41f21eb1d32b6bbdea5ae0bae0247e5d5df54e54580edb54fb8fef44d3c3bf","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Graminoid"],"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["54001","54011","54061","54081","54093","54103"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["54001","54011","54061","54081","54093","54103"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Threat 1 (highly invasive)","listed":true,"rank":1,"scientific_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","state":"WV","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"}],"invasive_rank":1,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"wv_invasive","native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","scope":"WV","source":"wv_invasive","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:N L48:N SPM:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, New Mexico, California; Mexico; Eurasia.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Tennessee","claim":"native","scope":"TN","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, New Mexico, California; Mexico; Eurasia.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":2241,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S5","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.159238/Phalaris_arundinacea"}],"native_explanation":"West Virginia DNR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC, NC, TN), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program), Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"wv_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["natureserve_explorer:WV:ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.159238"],"source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","wv_invasive"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.159238","state_rank":"S5"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","wv_invasive"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.159238","state_rank":{"value":"S5"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":[5.5,8]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 10 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"fit_record":{"band":"Severe harm","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:c14bb5817b26beec217f2b8cb7c5d93616b5bf32dcefb1ee9887e6a03559cbae","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:be41f21eb1d32b6bbdea5ae0bae0247e5d5df54e54580edb54fb8fef44d3c3bf","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["05007","05087","05109","05143","21003","21007","21011","21019","21023","21037","21039","21043","21053","21063","21073","21075","21083","21095","21101","21109","21111","21117","21125","21131","21135","21139","21143","21145","21147","21151","21157","21165","21185","21195","21197","21205","21211","21221","21227","21231","21237","37009","37011","37067","37087","37089","37099","37115","37121","37157","37199","47007","47009","47013","47019","47023","47025","47035","47049","47061","47073","47087","47091","47093","47123","47131","47147","47151","47155","47161","47165","47167","47171","47179","51001","51003","51009","51013","51015","51017","51019","51023","51029","51031","51035","51043","51045","51047","51049","51059","51061","51063","51065","51067","51069","51071","51075","51077","51079","51085","51089","51091","51105","51107","51109","51113","51121","51125","51137","51139","51141","51143","51145","51147","51153","51155","51157","51163","51165","51167","51169","51171","51173","51177","51183","51185","51187","51191","51195","51197","54001","54011","54061","54081","54093","54103"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":[5.5,8]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 10 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-85,"state":"WV"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"eol_usda":{"archive_doi":"10.5281/zenodo.22129810","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","retrieved":"2026-09-30","scope":"Nationwide approximate species characteristics; tolerance categories do not specify sun hours or moisture requirements","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"USDA PLANTS via EOL TraitBank","source_sha256":"04bb6a5292502ddc757bb909f4151de4b9aaea042223dfb486ffe2a94a2564db","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PHAR3","trait_evidence":[{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1114732","field":"drought_tolerance","method":"Compares the relative tolerance of the plant to drought conditions to other species with the same growth habit from the same geographical region. Drought tolerance is defined here in the following fashion: Imagine that in an acre of land there are low areas that have heavy soil and tend to accumulate more soil moisture, and higher areas that have coarse textured soil and tend to accumulate less soil moisture. Some plant species are most frequently found growing in the higher areas with the coarse soil texture. These plant species are considered to be more drought tolerant than the species that are frequently found in the low areas with fine textured soil.","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PHAR3","trait_id":"R133-PK288756522","trait_label":"drought tolerance","value":"low tolerance"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1114732","field":"moisture_use","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PHAR3","trait_id":"R133-PK288768079","trait_label":"moisture use","value":"high"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1114732","field":"shade_tolerance","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PHAR3","trait_id":"R133-PK288786312","trait_label":"shade tolerance","value":"low tolerance"}],"values":{"drought_tolerance":"low tolerance","moisture_use":"high","shade_tolerance":"low tolerance"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_record_id":2241,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Fens, calcareous spring marshes, wet meadows, wet fields, moist forests, moist disturbed areas, bogs."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, New Mexico, California; Mexico; Eurasia."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May-Jul."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, F, FNA24, GW1, Il, K1, K4, Mi, Mo1, NE, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WV, Tucker (1996), Voshell, Baldini, & Hilu (2016); = Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert; > Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea — Can, G, HC, NSProv; > Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L. — Can, G, HC, NSProv]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":"\"North American populations may be a mix of native strains, European strains, and agronomic cultivars (Merigliano & Lesica 1998)\" (Barkworth 2007q). It is unsatisfying that this species is both considered \"native\" in our region, as well as \"alien\" and \"invasive\" because of its complicated origins and genotypes. A variegated form, P. arundinacea forma variegata (Parnell) Druce, is cultivated for ornament, as Ribbon Grass."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":8},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACW"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,","Attr10":"no","Attr11":"g","Attr12":"me","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw25,3Bw7","Attr2":"Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,","Attr4":" 4-8","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le,mo","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1,mo","Attr9":"g"}},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2241,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May to July"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"May to July","botanical_comments":"\"North American populations may be a mix of native strains, European strains, and agronomic cultivars (Merigliano & Lesica 1998)\" (Barkworth 2007q). It is unsatisfying that this species is both considered \"native\" in our region, as well as \"alien\" and \"invasive\" because of its complicated origins and genotypes. A variegated form, P. arundinacea forma variegata (Parnell) Druce, is cultivated for ornament, as Ribbon Grass.","geographic_range_description":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, New Mexico, California; Mexico; Eurasia.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr03","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,","Attr10":"no","Attr11":"g","Attr12":"me","Attr13":"3Bw14,3Bw25,3Bw7","Attr2":"Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,","Attr4":" 4-8","Attr5":"h","Attr6":"le,mo","Attr7":"t","Attr8":"1,mo","Attr9":"g"},"habitat_description":"Fens, calcareous spring marshes, wet meadows, wet fields, moist forests, moist disturbed areas, bogs.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":8,"phenology_source_text":"May-Jul.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACW"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, F, FNA24, GW1, Il, K1, K4, Mi, Mo1, NE, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WV, Tucker (1996), Voshell, Baldini, & Hilu (2016); = Phalaroides arundinacea (L.) Rauschert; > Phalaris arundinacea L. var. arundinacea — Can, G, HC, NSProv; > Phalaris arundinacea L. var. picta L. — Can, G, HC, NSProv]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:0f4387a63fcee6ac61e0d86be6f7f920764a064d1d163d1144ef711f4d3777e3","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"]},{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:38a78080f4c0637106035ffbd3972c5e0ba844a053d040dc4215f5bdc4df2061","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:4476b64fc4efcadc6a32a94d0d32366c4ec3f869782f66232c4c1f0873bc68b0","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":["Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:aff66ba4b407dc2ff9d80734764740ff093bed540966cbc1bf0c225e0489ef9e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:b8cb3430d9536a99262189a792beb474560ea2f6081c9ddb04bcfbc9bf2c8450","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":{"max":5,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:e9cd39b5c555fdf81dab25a00f1e1af2e14a3700733c236f8a62b3b7bfdc744b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":["Green","Pink","White"]},{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:f02f8d32e95c3a5189a7d0552e97c8b9e34885621c81ad599ee037b7d81b009f","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":{"max":8,"min":3,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:fcf494e52e885d149e1d8df4135b7428f117b791044c567cc855a70e8e774e54","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:22.827487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","source_sha256":"0761708c8174ceb38ab7b0ae367c243518e8554254324308a80e7e37c0499374","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/phalaris-arundinacea/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Green","Pink","White"],"hardiness_zones":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_description":"2–5 feet","life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"3–8 feet"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":24659,"values":{"bloom_season":"Late Spring","flower_color":"Yellow","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Spring","fruit_season_end":"Summer","growth_architecture":"Rhizomatous","growth_rate":"Rapid","height_ft":5,"leaf_retention":"No"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","scope":"WV","source":"wv_invasive","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:N L48:N SPM:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, New Mexico, California; Mexico; Eurasia.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Tennessee","claim":"native","scope":"TN","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, New Mexico, California; Mexico; Eurasia.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":2241,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S5","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.159238/Phalaris_arundinacea"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"wv_invasive","explanation":"West Virginia DNR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC, NC, TN), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program), Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","label":"Not native to West Virginia","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"wv_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Phalaris arundinacea","taxon_id":"taxon:7a92f71f-2b01-5421-8710-d9b1eeb5454a","revision":"publish:d412fcf4-883a-4c06-b542-542693807821","photos":[]}