{"assessment":{"band":"Harmful","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":null,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Threat 3 (occasionally invasive)","listed":true,"rank":null,"scientific_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","state":"WV","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in West Virginia; do not plant. Provisional −30 Harmful baseline without a shared severity profile.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a West Virginia percentile","score":-30,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"provisional_unranked_default","severity_mapping":"No supported severity category crosswalk; shared provisional unranked-invasive default","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:ba69790d30b6b9bc60027658da2866984303a060741122f278aac040a1c0e466","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e81093c7905af7aa9d3753638c93cd95dc0543d16ee3b80d1cbcd1a72c704a54","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["54009","54061","54077"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["54009","54061","54077"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Threat 3 (occasionally invasive)","listed":true,"rank":null,"scientific_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","state":"WV","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"}],"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"wv_invasive","native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","scope":"WV","source":"wv_invasive","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":5850,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","concept":"broad","matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1267459/Centaurea_nigrescens"}],"native_explanation":"West Virginia DNR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"wv_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["natureserve_explorer:WV:ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1267459"],"source_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","wv_invasive"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1267459","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","wv_invasive"],"source_url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1267459","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"fit_record":{"band":"Harmful","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:ba69790d30b6b9bc60027658da2866984303a060741122f278aac040a1c0e466","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e81093c7905af7aa9d3753638c93cd95dc0543d16ee3b80d1cbcd1a72c704a54","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["47009","47163","51003","51007","51013","51029","51031","51043","51047","51059","51061","51063","51065","51069","51071","51087","51097","51107","51109","51113","51121","51125","51131","51139","51145","51147","51153","51157","51161","51165","51177","51187","51191","54009","54061","54077"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-30,"state":"WV"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","source_record_id":5850,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Roadsides, disturbed areas."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of Europe. This species is increasing rapidly in the n. Virginia Piedmont. Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow (2011) report the naturalization of C. nigrescens in Alleghany Co. North Carolina."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Jul-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Can, FNA19, Il, K4, Mi, NE, NS, NY, Pa, Va; = Centaurea dubia Suter — C, Oh3, SE1, W, nomen invalidum; = n/a — RAB, Tat; > Centaurea dubia Suter ssp. vochinensis (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Hayek — G; > Centaurea nigrescens Willdenow — F, K1; > Centaurea nigrescens Willdenow ssp. nigrescens — POWO; > Centaurea nigrescens Willdenow ssp. transalpina (Mérat) Nyman — POWO; > Centaurea transalpina Schleich. ex DC. — F, K1; > Centaurea vochinensis Bernh. ex Rchb. — F]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"Organism","value":"C. transalpina Schleicher ex A.P. de Candolle was also reported for VA by Kartesz (1999)."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr08","Attr1":"nc_mt,","Attr10":"en,to","Attr11":"dk","Attr13":"pur","Attr14":"bris,none","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,","Attr4":" 6-11","Attr5":"pu","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n,y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"si"}},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5850,"source_table":"Organism","value":"July to October"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"July to October","botanical_comments":"C. transalpina Schleicher ex A.P. de Candolle was also reported for VA by Kartesz (1999).","geographic_range_description":"Native of Europe. This species is increasing rapidly in the n. Virginia Piedmont. Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow (2011) report the naturalization of C. nigrescens in Alleghany Co. North Carolina.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr08","Attr1":"nc_mt,","Attr10":"en,to","Attr11":"dk","Attr13":"pur","Attr14":"bris,none","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,","Attr4":" 6-11","Attr5":"pu","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n,y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"si"},"habitat_description":"Roadsides, disturbed areas.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":9,"phenology_source_text":"Jul-Oct.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Can, FNA19, Il, K4, Mi, NE, NS, NY, Pa, Va; = Centaurea dubia Suter — C, Oh3, SE1, W, nomen invalidum; = n/a — RAB, Tat; > Centaurea dubia Suter ssp. vochinensis (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Hayek — G; > Centaurea nigrescens Willdenow — F, K1; > Centaurea nigrescens Willdenow ssp. nigrescens — POWO; > Centaurea nigrescens Willdenow ssp. transalpina (Mérat) Nyman — POWO; > Centaurea transalpina Schleich. ex DC. — F, K1; > Centaurea vochinensis Bernh. ex Rchb. — F]"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:32:19.708794+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"23be7e0de1f4037094819399b22bc8285aec3439b90f5689b4cdb9c5c9cb1d87","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/alpine-knapweed","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:6f9cc9dc057b5d0fdc8d4793503848f63120afff06c6c14e9cd4db5103edf6cf","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:19.708794+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","source_sha256":"23be7e0de1f4037094819399b22bc8285aec3439b90f5689b4cdb9c5c9cb1d87","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/alpine-knapweed","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:99ada2e2-b355-5a36-8097-2151ea7cabfb","value":["perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:d377e6f9c501ae800ffb1f59bf02bf5050b227d700136be138896c7c5d660783","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:19.708794+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","source_sha256":"23be7e0de1f4037094819399b22bc8285aec3439b90f5689b4cdb9c5c9cb1d87","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/alpine-knapweed","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:99ada2e2-b355-5a36-8097-2151ea7cabfb","value":{"max":5,"min":1,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"height_description":"1–5 feet","life_cycle":["perennial"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","scope":"WV","source":"wv_invasive","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":5850,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","concept":"broad","matched_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","scope":"WV","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1267459/Centaurea_nigrescens"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"wv_invasive","explanation":"West Virginia DNR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","label":"Not native to West Virginia","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"wv_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Centaurea nigrescens","taxon_id":"taxon:99ada2e2-b355-5a36-8097-2151ea7cabfb","revision":"publish:d412fcf4-883a-4c06-b542-542693807821","photos":[]}