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This species is increasing rapidly in the Virginia Ridge and Valley. Reported for Alleghany County, North Carolina (Poindexter, Weakley, & Denslow 2011)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Jun-Sep."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= C, Can, F, FNA19, G, Il, K1, K4, Mi, NE, NS, NY, Oh3, Pa, SE1, Tat, Va; = Jacea pratensis Lamarck; = n/a — RAB; > Centaurea jacea L. ssp. jacea — POWO, and likely other subspecies as well]"},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr08","Attr1":"nc_mt,","Attr10":"en,to","Attr11":"dk","Attr13":"pur","Attr14":"none","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,","Attr4":" 5-10","Attr5":"pu","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n,y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"lc,si"}},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5846,"source_table":"Organism","value":"June to September"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"June to September","geographic_range_description":"Native of Europe. This species is increasing rapidly in the Virginia Ridge and Valley. 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> Centaurea jacea L. ssp. jacea — POWO, and likely other subspecies as well]"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Centaurea jacea","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:32:18.918691+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"d6992b222db8f78a6842db5fcdcff8d505abe3c72947a7a6849cfa0570b117d3","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/brown-knapweed","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea jacea","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:484b253b412d2e71211a5b676ccb7b1ef781fec2f305dbae932913d5cc865cbc","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:18.918691+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Centaurea jacea","source_sha256":"d6992b222db8f78a6842db5fcdcff8d505abe3c72947a7a6849cfa0570b117d3","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/brown-knapweed","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7e62d589-f569-5a98-9237-0d1c2cf65833","value":["perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea jacea","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:4ab5789605cd3a2cc318e24b5d5c7d29bdf89b009639e6c7d6ed4232a7b04926","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:18.918691+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Centaurea jacea","source_sha256":"d6992b222db8f78a6842db5fcdcff8d505abe3c72947a7a6849cfa0570b117d3","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/brown-knapweed","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:7e62d589-f569-5a98-9237-0d1c2cf65833","value":{"max":4,"min":1,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"height_description":"1–4 feet","life_cycle":["perennial"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","scope":"WV","source":"wv_invasive","url":"https://wvdnr.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WV-Priority-Invasive-Plants-List-2025.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea jacea","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I GL:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea jacea","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; 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