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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.6997518610421837,"birds":0.8722084367245657,"caterpillars":0.6947890818858561,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":1},"rank_pct":0.599,"raw":{"bees":5,"birds":6,"caterpillars":6,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Shrub","Tree"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_supported","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Virginia host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":57,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":"S3"},"source_ids":["lep_va","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:120c6789f66e8ae4c5e471c0a10a9121a0f479c2886432f1ccdad877bf004e4a","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/zanthoxylum-clava-herculis/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:8b7c19574942bd332a2d1158a974ceb9e13b335c59cbe1230597a9dec228d23a","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/zanthoxylum-clava-herculis/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub","Tree"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_supported"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["51001","51093","51131","51181","51199","51550","51650","51740","51810"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["51001","51093","51131","51181","51199","51550","51650","51740","51810"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"va_heritage","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3744"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S3","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. In the northern part of its distribution, it is restricted to the outer Coastal Plain, nearly entirely on barrier islands.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. In the northern part of its distribution, it is restricted to the outer Coastal Plain, nearly entirely on barrier islands.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. In the northern part of its distribution, it is restricted to the outer Coastal Plain, nearly entirely on barrier islands.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":3856,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S3","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.157110/Zanthoxylum_clava-herculis"}],"native_explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:3744"],"source_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3744","state_rank":"S3"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3744","state_rank":{"value":"S3"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 7 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:120c6789f66e8ae4c5e471c0a10a9121a0f479c2886432f1ccdad877bf004e4a","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/zanthoxylum-clava-herculis/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:8b7c19574942bd332a2d1158a974ceb9e13b335c59cbe1230597a9dec228d23a","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/zanthoxylum-clava-herculis/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["01003","01013","01023","01033","01035","01045","01047","01053","01063","01065","01069","01079","01083","01085","01091","01097","01101","01107","01119","12001","12005","12009","12011","12013","12015","12017","12019","12023","12027","12031","12033","12035","12037","12039","12041","12053","12055","12057","12061","12063","12065","12067","12069","12071","12073","12075","12077","12079","12081","12083","12085","12086","12089","12091","12095","12099","12101","12103","12105","12107","12109","12111","12113","12115","12117","12119","12121","12125","12127","12129","12131","13051","13127","13191","13305","37019","37031","37053","37055","37095","37133","37141","45013","45019","45029","45043","45051","45053","45079","51001","51093","51131","51181","51199","51550","51650","51740","51810"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 7 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":57,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","source_record_id":3856,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Maritime forests, dunes, shell middens, shell hammocks, maritime scrub, inland (in FL and GA) in hammocks."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. In the northern part of its distribution, it is restricted to the outer Coastal Plain, nearly entirely on barrier islands."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Mar-May; Jun-Sep."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, Fl4, G, K1, K4, NcTx, NS, RAB, S, Tat, Tx, Va, WH3, Porter (1976); = Fagara clava-herculis (L.) Small — S13; = Xanthoxylum clava-herculis — F, orthographic variant; = Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. ssp. clava-herculis — FNA13, POWO]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Many of the common names come from the numbing effect on the mouth of chewing the leaf or twig, the flavor, smell, and effect being very similar to Ctenium aromaticum , Toothache Grass."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The compound leaves are armed with stout prickles along the rachis. The twigs are also spiny. On the larger branches and trunks, the spines become elevated on conical, pyramidal, or cylindrical corky bases up to 5 cm long and 4 cm in diameter, giving the trunk a very peculiar appearance. Although normally a small tree, it can reach considerable size, up to about 60 cm DBH."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":7},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,ga_cp,","Attr10":"5,6+","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"lh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"gr,wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_ga_cp:y,","Attr4":" 2-6","Attr5":"s,t","Attr6":"x","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"com"}},{"field":"fruit_season_begin","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"June"},{"field":"fruit_season_end","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"September"},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3856,"source_table":"Organism","value":"March to May"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"March to May","botanical_comments":"Many of the common names come from the numbing effect on the mouth of chewing the leaf or twig, the flavor, smell, and effect being very similar to Ctenium aromaticum , Toothache Grass.","fruit_season_begin":"June","fruit_season_end":"September","geographic_range_description":"A Southeastern Coastal Plain endemic: se. Virginia south to s. Florida and west to Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. In the northern part of its distribution, it is restricted to the outer Coastal Plain, nearly entirely on barrier islands.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,ga_cp,","Attr10":"5,6+","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"lh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"gr,wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_ga_cp:y,","Attr4":" 2-6","Attr5":"s,t","Attr6":"x","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"com"},"habitat_description":"Maritime forests, dunes, shell middens, shell hammocks, maritime scrub, inland (in FL and GA) in hammocks.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":7,"identification_notes":"The compound leaves are armed with stout prickles along the rachis. The twigs are also spiny. On the larger branches and trunks, the spines become elevated on conical, pyramidal, or cylindrical corky bases up to 5 cm long and 4 cm in diameter, giving the trunk a very peculiar appearance. Although normally a small tree, it can reach considerable size, up to about 60 cm DBH.","phenology_source_text":"Mar-May; Jun-Sep.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, Fl4, G, K1, K4, NcTx, NS, RAB, S, Tat, Tx, Va, WH3, Porter (1976); = Fagara clava-herculis (L.) Small — S13; = Xanthoxylum clava-herculis — F, orthographic variant; = Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. ssp. clava-herculis — FNA13, POWO]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:48:32.117253+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"8b1f854b3244809ab142948d90f98fde889d8d310d6dd7220214244e5ae5d2ec","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/zanthoxylum-clava-herculis/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:15201f3bab0c3d32c15d7b81cdf2726d6228406e6c0941b4123c52504c7e1bb7","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:32.117253+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","source_sha256":"8b1f854b3244809ab142948d90f98fde889d8d310d6dd7220214244e5ae5d2ec","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/zanthoxylum-clava-herculis/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:bacf7365-5e11-5f85-b68d-18b2db5ee157","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Zanthoxylum clava-herculis","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:1ed27291a8555303d8f590ae0aeb7c9d593e43419e8e3acf939e2d08bbc1fb0a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:32.117253+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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