Bird

Black-crowned Night-heron

Nycticorax nycticorax

Lives in Virginia all year and nests here. Found in 36 of 133 counties and cities, across 19 habitats.

Here: All year
Nesting: Nests here
Range: 36 of 133 counties and cities
Habitats: 19

Hand-coloured plate of the Black-crowned Night-heron by John James Audubon, The Birds of America, Havell plate 236 — **Illustration**. John James Audubon. CC0 1.0 (NGA Open Access). The Birds of America, Havell plate 236.

At a glance

Group: Birds
Here: All year
Nesting: Nests here
Range: 36 of 133 counties and cities
Habitats: 19
Habitat models: Summer, Winter

Where it lives

The places its habitat model includes. It is not found everywhere a habitat occurs.

Habitats in Virginia 19

Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.

1 of 19

SummerWinterUnconsolidated Shore (Beach/Dune); Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Interdunal WetlandDune grassland. Shown: Core Banks, Cape Lookout, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Core Banks dunes, June 2013, Jarek Tuszyński, June 2013. CC BY-SA 3.0. Source record.

SummerWinterCentral Atlantic Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna and FlatwoodsWet pine flatwoods with a shrub layer. Shown: Shaken Creek Preserve, Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Wet Pine Flatwoods, Shaken Creek Preserve - typical shrub layer, Robert Thornhill, undated. CC BY 4.0. Source record.

SummerWinterCentral Atlantic Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna and FlatwoodsSandy pine savanna. Shown: Shaken Creek Preserve, Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Sandy Pine Savanna, Rush Featherling subtype, Robert Thornhill, undated. CC BY 4.0. Source record.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Peatland Pocosin; Atlantic Coastal Plain Streamhead Seepage Swamp - Pocosin - and BaygallDense low pocosin. Shown: Shaken Creek Preserve, Pender and Onslow Counties, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Dense low pocosin, Robert Thornhill, undated. CC BY 4.0. Source record.

SummerWinterOpen Water (Fresh); Atlantic Coastal Plain Large Natural LakeshoreRegional / representative. Shown: Southern coastal pond margins, Florida and Louisiana to North Carolina; state not identified, a neighboring state.Yellow butterwort beside a moss-hung coastal pond, Marian Ellis Rowan, 1901. Public domain. Source record.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Embayed Region Tidal Salt and Brackish Marsh; Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Tidal Salt MarshBrackish marsh at a woodland edge. Shown: Fort Fisher, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Fort Fisher brackish marsh and woodland edge, ncwetlands.org, undated. CC0 1.0. Source record.

SummerWinterCentral Interior and Appalachian Riparian Systems; South-Central Interior Small Stream and RiparianNamed place / source context. Shown: Watauga Falls, North Carolina, a neighboring state.Watauga Falls, Illustrator/engraver not confidently attributed; reproduced in Zeigler and Grosscup, The Heart of the Alleghanies (1883), 1883. Public domain. Source record.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Streamhead Seepage Swamp - Pocosin - and Baygall; Central Interior and Appalachian Swamp Systems; Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Tidal Wooded Swamp; Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Tidal Wooded Swamp; Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Basin Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Nonriverine Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest - Taxodium/Nyssa Modifier; Southern Piedmont/Ridge and Valley Upland Depression SwampNamed place / source context. Shown: Great Dismal Swamp, North Carolina, as titled by Museum of Fine Arts Boston; nineteenth-century artistic interpretation, a neighboring state.View, Dismal Swamp, North Carolina, Regis Francois Gignoux, 1850. Public domain. Source record.

Coastal tidal marshes (salinity not stated)

Tidal marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts where the source does not say whether the water is fresh, brackish or salt. A stated salinity files the marsh under freshwater tidal marshes or salt and brackish marshes instead.

SummerWinter

Depression ponds and limesinks

Shallow ponds in Coastal Plain depressions, such as limesinks and the ponds in some Carolina bays, that rise and fall with the seasons.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Depression Pondshore

Disturbed and introduced wetlands

Wet ground taken over by weedy or introduced plants after disturbance, such as common reed, Chinese tallow or tamarisk stands; the upland counterpart is roadsides, fields and disturbed ground.

SummerWinter

Floodplain and bottomland forests

Forests on low ground beside rivers and streams that flood from time to time.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Blackwater Stream Floodplain Forest - Forest Modifier; Central Appalachian Floodplain - Forest Modifier; Central Appalachian Riparian - Forest Modifier; South-Central Interior Large Floodplain - Forest Modifier; Southern Piedmont Large Floodplain Forest - Forest Modifier; Central Interior and Appalachian Floodplain Systems; Central Interior and Appalachian Riparian Systems; Southern Piedmont Small Floodplain and Riparian Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Small Brownwater River Floodplain Forest; Atlantic Coastal Plain Brownwater Stream Floodplain Forest; South-Central Interior Small Stream and Riparian; South-Central Interior Large Floodplain

Freshwater tidal marshes

Marshes along tidal rivers where the water is fresh but rises and falls with the tide.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Embayed Region Tidal Freshwater Marsh; Atlantic Coastal Plain Northern Fresh and Oligohaline Tidal Marsh

Hardwood and oak flatwoods

Flat, poorly drained uplands and terraces with oaks, sweetgum and sometimes loblolly pine, wet in winter and dry in summer, but neither a floodplain nor a swamp.

SummerWinterAtlantic Coastal Plain Nonriverine Swamp and Wet Hardwood Forest - Oak Dominated Modifier

Sounds, bays and tidal flats

Salt and brackish open water of sounds, bays and estuaries, with the mud and sand flats and seagrass beds that tides cover and uncover; the vegetated marsh is salt and brackish marshes.

SummerWinterOpen Water (Brackish/Salt)

SummerWinterOnly within 120 m of water.Disturbed/Successional - Shrub Regeneration; Harvested Forest - Shrub RegenerationNamed place / source context. Shown: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Georgia and Tennessee; which part is not recorded, a neighboring state.Wooded scene looking out over partially open fields, Richard Schlecht, undated. Public domain. Source record.

Maritime forests and thickets

Salt-pruned forests and shrub thickets behind coastal dunes.

SummerWinterOnly within 120 m of water.Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Maritime Forest

Moderately dry forests

Forests between dry and moist, often oak-hickory on slopes.

SummerWinterOnly within 120 m of water.Northeastern Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest

Roadsides, fields and disturbed ground

Ground opened by people: roadsides, old fields, pastures, fencerows and lots.

SummerWinterOnly within 120 m of water.Developed, Open Space; Cultivated Cropland; Disturbed/Successional - Grass/Forb Regeneration; Ruderal Upland - Old Field

Other habitats in its models (135)

Land cover, or classes with no habitat page in Virginia.

Developed, Low Intensity Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Developed, Medium Intensity Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Open Water (Aquaculture) Summer and winter.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Beach Summer and winter.
Unconsolidated Shore (Lake/River/Pond) Summer and winter.
Unconsolidated Shore Summer and winter.
Upper Texas Coast Beach Summer and winter.
Louisiana Beach Summer and winter.
Southeast Florida Beach Summer and winter.
South Florida Shell Hash Beach Summer and winter.
Florida Panhandle Beach Vegetation Summer and winter.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Sea Island Beach Summer and winter.
Southwest Florida Beach Summer and winter.
Texas Coastal Bend Beach Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Black Belt Calcareous Prairie and Woodland - Herbaceous Modifier Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Crosstimbers Oak Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
North-Central Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Ouachita Montane Oak Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
North-Central Interior Beech-Maple Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
North-Central Interior Maple-Basswood Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
South Florida Hardwood Hammock Summer and winter.
Southwest Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Summer and winter.
Southeast Florida Coastal Strand and Maritime Hammock Summer and winter.
Central and South Texas Coastal Fringe Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Chenier and Upper Texas Coastal Fringe Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Mississippi River Alluvial Plain Dry-Mesic Loess Slope Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East-Central Texas Plains Post Oak Savanna and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East-Central Texas Plains Riparian Forest Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Maritime Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Lower Mississippi River Dune Woodland and Forest Summer and winter.
Mississippi Delta Maritime Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Western Great Plains Wooded Draw and Ravine Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Southern Crowley's Ridge Mesic Loess Slope Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Mesic Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Mesic Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Maritime Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Upland Longleaf Pine Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Ozark-Ouachita Shortleaf Pine-Oak Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Pine-Hardwood Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Sandhill Oak and Shortleaf Pine Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Northern Crowley's Ridge Sand Forest Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East-Central Texas Plains Pine Forest and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Ozark-Ouachita Shortleaf Pine-Bluestem Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Florida Peninsula Inland Scrub Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Tamaulipan Mixed Deciduous Thornscrub Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Tamaulipan Calcareous Thornscrub Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
North-Central Interior Oak Savanna Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
North-Central Oak Barrens Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Xeric River Dune Summer and winter.
Western Great Plains Mesquite Woodland and Shrubland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Central Mixedgrass Prairie Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
North-Central Interior Sand and Gravel Tallgrass Prairie Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Arkansas Valley Prairie and Woodland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Central Tallgrass Prairie Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Calcareous Prairie Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Dune and Maritime Grassland Summer and winter.
Texas-Louisiana Coastal Prairie Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Central and Upper Texas Coast Dune and Coastal Grassland Summer and winter.
Harvested Forest - Grass/Forb Regeneration Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Recently Burned Shrubland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Introduced Upland Vegetation - Treed Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Introduced Upland Vegetation - Forbland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Introduced Upland Vegetation - Perennial Grassland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Modified/Managed Southern Tall Grassland Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Salt and Brackish Tidal Marsh Summer and winter.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Indian River Lagoon Tidal Marsh Summer and winter.
Mississippi Sound Salt and Brackish Tidal Marsh Summer and winter.
Florida Big Bend Salt-Brackish Tidal Marsh Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Taxodium Modifier Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Bay/Gum Modifier Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Pine Modifier Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Nupea Modifier Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp - Okefenokee Clethra Modifier Summer and winter.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Clay-Based Carolina Bay Herbaceous Wetland Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Summer and winter.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Tidal Wooded Swamp Summer and winter.
South Florida Everglades Sawgrass Marsh Summer and winter.
Central Interior and Appalachian Shrub-Herbaceous Wetland Systems Summer and winter.
Floridian Highlands Freshwater Marsh Summer and winter.
Central Florida Herbaceous Seep Summer and winter.
Florida Big Bend Fresh-Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Summer and winter.
South Florida Mangrove Swamp Summer and winter.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Large River Swamp Summer and winter.
South Florida Bayhead Swamp Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Basin Swamp Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Herbaceous Seepage Bog Summer and winter.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Central Fresh-Oligohaline Tidal Marsh Summer and winter.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Clay-Based Carolina Bay Forested Wetland Summer and winter.
South Florida Dwarf Cypress Savanna Summer and winter.
South Florida Wet Marl Prairie Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Savanna and Wet Prairie Summer and winter.
Texas Saline Coastal Prairie Summer and winter.
Eastern Great Plains Wet Meadow, Prairie, and Marsh Summer and winter.
Lower Mississippi River Bottomland Depressions - Forest Modifier Summer and winter.
South Florida Cypress Dome Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Nonriverine Cypress Dome Summer and winter.
Central Florida Herbaceous Pondshore Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Depression Pondshore Summer and winter.
Mississippi River Bottomland Depression Summer and winter.
South Florida Freshwater Slough and Gator Hole Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest - Forest Modifier Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest - Herbaceous Modifier Summer and winter.
South-Central Interior Large Floodplain - Herbaceous Modifier Summer and winter.
Western Great Plains Floodplain Systems Summer and winter.
Eastern Great Plains Floodplain Systems Summer and winter.
Tamaulipan Riparian Systems Summer and winter.
Mississippi River Riparian Forest Summer and winter.
Cumberland Riverscour Summer and winter.
Mississippi River Low Floodplain (Bottomland) Forest Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Hydric Hammock Summer and winter.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Small Stream and River Forest Summer and winter.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Large River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Small Blackwater River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
Red River Large Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Small Stream and River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
Southern Coastal Plain Blackwater River Floodplain Forest Summer and winter.
Texas-Louisiana Coastal Prairie Slough Summer and winter.
Mississippi River Floodplain and Riparian Forest Summer and winter.
Ozark-Ouachita Riparian Summer and winter.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Jackson Plain Dry Flatwoods - Open Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Offsite Hardwood Modifier Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Open Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods - Scrub/Shrub Understory Modifier Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
South Florida Pine Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
Atlantic Coastal Plain Southern Wet Pine Savanna and Flatwoods Summer and winter.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Wet Longleaf Pine Savanna and Flatwoods Summer and winter.
Central Florida Pine Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Near-Coast Pine Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
East Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Loblolly-Hardwood Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
South-Central Interior / Upper Coastal Plain Wet Flatwoods Summer and winter.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Pine-Hardwood Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
North-Central Interior Wet Flatwoods Summer and winter.
Lower Mississippi River Flatwoods Summer and winter, only within 120 m of water.
West Gulf Coastal Plain Nonriverine Wet Hardwood Flatwoods Summer and winter.