{"assessment":{"band":"Keystone","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Viola glaberrima"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established Virginia range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":0,"baseline_score":89,"composite":0.891,"insect_support":{"credit":0,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.8746898263027295,"birds":0.9013647642679901,"caterpillars":0.8964019851116626,"specialists":0.890818858560794},"rank_pct":0.925,"raw":{"bees":16,"birds":8,"caterpillars":29,"genus_used":["Viola","not"],"specialists":1,"structure":null}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_supported","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Virginia host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":89,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":"S1"},"source_ids":["lep_va","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:1c1bfd241f90ad2c8631a97974fb197066419a27187c563e335cccae99dea067","levels":[0,1,2,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:8db9fd87776003eb1623a061364fe4322805b326cf56bc15f8df400a93ff1af0","levels":[0,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_supported"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["51035","51063","51069","51121","51185"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["51035","51063","51069","51121","51185"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"va_heritage","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S1","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names South Carolina","claim":"native","scope":"SC","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Kentucky","claim":"native","scope":"KY","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":9759,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1342438/Viola_glaberrima"}],"native_explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC, KY, NC, SC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program), Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:3722"],"source_name":"Viola glaberrima","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722","state_rank":"S1"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722","state_rank":{"value":"S1"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,3],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"fit_record":{"band":"Keystone","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:1c1bfd241f90ad2c8631a97974fb197066419a27187c563e335cccae99dea067","levels":[0,1,2,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:8db9fd87776003eb1623a061364fe4322805b326cf56bc15f8df400a93ff1af0","levels":[0,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["51035","51063","51069","51121","51185"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,3],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Viola glaberrima","rank":"S1","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":89,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Viola glaberrima","rank":"S1","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Viola glaberrima","source_record_id":9759,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Rich mesic to wet-mesic forests on lower slopes and bottomlands, especially over mafic or calcareous rocks."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Chasmogamous flower Mar-May; chasmogamous fruit Apr-Jun; cleistogamous fruit Jul-Aug."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= K4, POWO, Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino (2023); = Viola tripartita Elliott var. glaberrima (Ging. ex Chapm.) R.M.Harper — G, Pa, RAB, S, S13, W, Ballard () (in prep); Viola tripartita Elliott — C, F, Fl2, FNA6, K1, NS, Tn, Va, WH3, WV, McKinney & Russell (2002)]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Usually synonymized under V. tripartita without taxonomic recognition or treated as a variety of that species, but recent studies confirm that this and the earlier synonym V. tenuipes are distinct from V. tripartita and from each other, each warranting species rank."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"Organism","value":"In chasmogamous flower, this species might be confused with other caulescent yellow-flowered species with leaf blades longer than broad, such as occasional specimens of V. eriocarpa and V. hastata . It differs from V. eriocarpa in its solitary stems with 1 or no basal leaves, cauline leaves clustered in the uppermost fourth of the plant, and cauline leaf blades with rounded to cuneate base; and from V. hastata in leaf blades rhombic-ovate or ovate with a cuneate to rounded base and uniformly green upper leaf surface. In fruit, besides the above distinctions, it can be separated from V. canadensis (and V. rugulosa , not in our region) by the fewer crenate-serrate teeth on the leaf blade margins, and the small herbaceous stipules. Its solitary stem with leaves clustered at the top, and entire stipules distinguish it from the caulescent rostrate violets often growing with it ( V. labradorica , V. rostrata , and V. striata )."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"Organism","value":2},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":9759,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-6","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,wi"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Usually synonymized under V. tripartita without taxonomic recognition or treated as a variety of that species, but recent studies confirm that this and the earlier synonym V. tenuipes are distinct from V. tripartita and from each other, each warranting species rank.","geographic_range_description":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-6","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,wi"},"habitat_description":"Rich mesic to wet-mesic forests on lower slopes and bottomlands, especially over mafic or calcareous rocks.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":2,"identification_notes":"In chasmogamous flower, this species might be confused with other caulescent yellow-flowered species with leaf blades longer than broad, such as occasional specimens of V. eriocarpa and V. hastata . It differs from V. eriocarpa in its solitary stems with 1 or no basal leaves, cauline leaves clustered in the uppermost fourth of the plant, and cauline leaf blades with rounded to cuneate base; and from V. hastata in leaf blades rhombic-ovate or ovate with a cuneate to rounded base and uniformly green upper leaf surface. In fruit, besides the above distinctions, it can be separated from V. canadensis (and V. rugulosa , not in our region) by the fewer crenate-serrate teeth on the leaf blade margins, and the small herbaceous stipules. Its solitary stem with leaves clustered at the top, and entire stipules distinguish it from the caulescent rostrate violets often growing with it ( V. labradorica , V. rostrata , and V. striata ).","phenology_source_text":"Chasmogamous flower Mar-May; chasmogamous fruit Apr-Jun; cleistogamous fruit Jul-Aug.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= K4, POWO, Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino (2023); = Viola tripartita Elliott var. glaberrima (Ging. ex Chapm.) R.M.Harper — G, Pa, RAB, S, S13, W, Ballard () (in prep); Viola tripartita Elliott — C, F, Fl2, FNA6, K1, NS, Tn, Va, WH3, WV, McKinney & Russell (2002)]"}}},"light_range":["deep shade","part sun"],"light_source":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3722"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S1","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"NC-SC-GA","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names South Carolina","claim":"native","scope":"SC","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Kentucky","claim":"native","scope":"KY","source":"floraquest_carolinas_georgia","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Sw. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio south to se. Kentucky, sw. North Carolina, c. North Carolina, and nc. South Carolina.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":9759,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola glaberrima","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.1342438/Viola_glaberrima"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_heritage","explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (GA-NC-SC, KY, NC, SC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program), Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition.","label":"Native to Virginia (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Viola glaberrima","taxon_id":"taxon:65d0b0eb-8956-554d-8030-279b4c4ccf27","revision":"publish:cdb975f5-333c-4482-92bd-514ef43ee9c3","photos":[{"id":"inat-174605777","src":"/api/photos/image/7cb5db2b74cc22c45cd33932ebf527fa923f1d84a3a3cfd175e9fcbb87bd8794.jpeg","view":"bloom","alt":"Viola glaberrima — bloom photograph","width":500,"height":333,"artist":"(c) Brian Finzel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/174605777","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.","kind":"photo"}]}