States
North CarolinaTennesseeGeorgiaSouth CarolinaKentuckyAlabamaArkansasFloridaLouisianaMississippiVirginiaWest Virginia
Menu

Midwestern Stiff Goldenrod

Solidago rigida

Also listed as Oligoneuron rigidum

Found in glades, barrens, and prairie-like areas, over mafic or calcareous rocks. Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Northern Tier edition What its natural habitat tells you

99
Keystone

Native to Virginia. How scores work Is it native here?

Profile 100%

Height
About 3.6 feet
Spread
1.5–2.5 feet
Light
Full sun
Soil moisture
Average

Space about 2 ft apart from its recorded spread, about 25 per 100 sq ft. Enter your bed size for a count

Will it fit your yard?

Rare or protected plant. Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions. Plant caution source

Hidden from default planting suggestions. Wildlife value and native status remain unchanged.

At a glance

Life cycle
Perennial
Bloom
August to October
Fruiting season
Summer to fall

Not yet recorded · Leaves

Recorded in 21 Virginia counties and cities.

Natural habitats

Places it grows wild. Not a planting requirement. Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.

1 of 2

Glades, barrens and outcrops on limestone

Open, thin-soil openings and rock on limestone, dolomite or other lime-rich rock, including cedar glades.

Glades, barrens and outcrops on mafic or serpentine rock

Open, thin-soil openings, outcrops and cliffs on dark, magnesium- or iron-rich rock such as serpentine, diabase or gabbro.

All habitats

Also found with this plant

Wildlife whose habitat models include habitats this plant grows in, in Virginia. Shared habitat, not food. 46 animals.

Widespread birds also seen here (68)

Found in many habitats here, so not listed above.

All wildlife of Virginia

Ecological relationships

Who uses this plant?

What these records mean

117CaterpillarsGenus host records with ranges including VA

Genus host records with ranges including VA · Solidago

  • Aethes sexdentataSix-Toothed Aethes
  • Agnorisma badinodisPale-Banded Dart
  • Agonopterix pulvipennellaGoldenrod Leaffolder, Featherduster Agonopterix
  • Agrotis gladiariaSwordsman Dart, Clay-Backed Cut-Worm
  • Agrotis vetustaOld Man Dart
  • Alsophila pometariaFall Cankerworm Moth
  • Amorbia humerosanaWhite-Lined Leafroller Moth
  • Anania funebrisWhite-Spotted Sable Moth
  • Anavitrinella pampinariaCommon Gray, Cranberry Spanworm
  • Ancylis floridanaStrawberry Leafroller
Show all 117
  • Archips purpuranaOmnivorous Leafroller Moth
  • Argyrotaenia velutinanaRed-Banded Leafroller Moth, Jack Pine Tube Moth
  • Bucculatrix angustataNarrow Bucculatrix
  • Catabena lineolataFine-Lined Sallow
  • Chlorochlamys chloroleucariaBlackberry Looper Moth
  • Chlosyne harrisiiHarris' Checkerspot
  • Chlosyne nycteisSilvery Checkerspot
  • Choristoneura rosaceanaOblique-Banded Leafroller Moth, Rosaceous Leaf Roller
  • Chrysodeixis includensSoybean Looper Moth
  • Cisseps fulvicollisYellow-Collared Scape Moth
  • Clepsis clemensianaClemens' Clepsis
  • Clepsis persicanaWhite Triangle Tortrix
  • Condica sutorThe Cobbler, Cobbler Groundling
  • Condica vidensWhite-Dotted Groundling
  • Cremastobombycia solidaginisGoldenrod Leafminer
  • Ctenoplusia oxygrammaSharp-Stigma Looper Moth
  • Cucullia asteroidesThe Asteroid, Asteroid Paint, Goldenrod Hooded Owlet
  • Cucullia convexipennisBrown Hooded Owlet, Calico Paint
  • Cucullia floreaGray Hooded Owlet
  • Cucullia speyeriSpeyer's Cucullia, Speyer's Paint
  • Dichomeris bilobellaBilobed Dichomeris Moth
  • Dichomeris flavocostellaCream-Edged Dichomeris
  • Dichomeris inserrataIndented Dichomeris
  • Dichomeris juncidellaOrange-Dotted Dichomeris
  • Dichomeris ochripalpellaShining Dichomeris Moth
  • Dichomeris setosellaHairy Dichomeris
  • Endothenia hebesanaVerbena Bud Moth
  • Epiblema otiosanaBidens Borer Moth
  • Epiblema scudderianaScudder's Epiblema, Goldenrod Gall Moth
  • Epiblema tripartitanaThree-Parted Epiblema
  • Episimus argutanaSumac Leaftier
  • Eucosma formosanaBeautiful Phaneta
  • Eucosma ochroterminanaBuff-Tipped Phaneta
  • Eucosma raracanaReddish Eucosma, Reddish Phaneta
  • Euphydryas phaetonThe Baltimore, The Black Checker
  • Eupithecia miserulataCommon Eupithacia, Common Pug
  • Eupsilia deviaLost Sallow
  • Eusarca confusariaConfused Eusarca
  • Evora hemidesmaSpirea Leaftier
  • Feltia jaculiferaDingy Cutworm
  • Gnorimoschema gallaeasterellaGoldenrod Gall Moth
  • Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginisGoldenrod Gall Moth
  • Gnorimoschema jocelynaeX
  • Helicoverpa zeaCorn Earworm Moth
  • Hellinsia kellicottiiGoldenrod Borer Plume Moth
  • Herpetogramma aeglealisSerpentine Webworm
  • Herpetogramma pertextalisBold-Feathered Grass Moth
  • Herpetogramma thestealisZigzag Herpetogramma, Subtle-Feathered Grass Moth
  • Iridopsis humariaSmall Purplish Gray
  • Iridopsis larvariaBent-Line Gray
  • Lacinipolia meditataThe Thinker
  • Leuconycta diphteroidesGreen Leuconycta
  • Lioptilodes albistriolatusMousy Plume Moth
  • Melanchra adjunctaHitched Arches
  • Melanchra assimilisBlack Arches
  • Nephelodes miniansBronzed Cutworm
  • Orthodes cynicaCynical Quaker, Cynical Groundcat
  • Orthodes majusculaRustic Quaker, Rustic Groundcat
  • Ostrinia obumbratalisSmartweed Borer
  • Palthis angulalisDark-Spotted Palthis
  • Papaipema duovataSeaside Golden Rod Borer
  • Papaipema rutilaMayapple Borer
  • Pelochrista cataclystianaSolidaga Eucosma, Solidaga Pelochrista
  • Pelochrista derelictaDerelict Eucosma
  • Pelochrista dorsisignatanaTriangle-Backed Eucosma
  • Pelochrista robinsonanaRobinson's Pelochrista, Robinson's Eucosma
  • Pelochrista similianaSimilar Eucosma
  • Platynota idaeusalisTufted Apple-Bud Moth
  • Platynota stultanaOmnivorous Leafroller
  • Pleuroprucha insulsariaCommon Tan Wave
  • Pseudeustrotia carneolaPink-Barred Lithacodia, Pink-Barred Pseudeustrotia
  • Schinia nundinaGoldenrod Flower Moth
  • Sonia canadanaCanadian Sonia Moth
  • Sonia constrictanaConstricted Sonia
  • Sparganothis distinctaDistinct Sparganothis
  • Sparganothis sulfureanaSparganothis Fruitworm Moth, Sulfur Leafroller, False Yellow-Head
  • Sparganothis unifascianaOne-Lined Sparganothis
  • Spodoptera ornithogalliYellow-Striped Armyworm Moth, Cotton Cutworm
  • Synchlora aerataWavy-Lined Emerald, Camouflaged Looper
  • Synchlora frondariaSouthern Emerald
  • Tricholita notataX
  • Tricholita signataSignate Quaker, Signate Groundcat
  • Trichordestra legitimaStriped Garden Caterpillar Moth
  • Udea rubigalisCelery Leaftier
  • Utetheisa ornatrixOrnate Moth, Pink Underwing, Rattlebox Moth, Bella Moth
  • Xanthotype urticariaFalse Crocus Geometer
  • Xestia c-nigrumSpotted Cut-Worm, Setaceous Hebrew Character, Lesser Black-letter Dart
  • Xestia dolosaGreater Black-Letter Dart, Greater Spotted Cutworm
  • Xestia smithiiSmith's Dart
  • Zale lunataLunate Zale
  • Anania mysippusalis
  • Astrotischeria solidagonifoliella
  • Bucculatrix solidaginiella
  • Dichomeris agonia
  • Epiblema desertana
  • Epiblema mandana
  • Epiblema obfuscana
  • Epiblema resumptana
  • Eucosma radiatana
  • Gnorimoschema salinaris
  • Hahncappsia marculenta
  • Hellinsia glenni
  • Hellinsia lacteodactylus
  • Helvibotys helvialis
  • Herpetogramma aquilonalis
  • Pelochrista vagana
  • Xenotemna pallorana
Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)
82BeesSoutheastern regional records

Southeastern regional records · Solidago

Individual names are not available yet.

Noori, Seltmann & Orr 2026, A curated and integrated dataset for exploring global bee-plant interactions (GloBI), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0
36Specialist beesPollen specialists

Pollen specialists · Solidago

  • Andrena asteris
  • Andrena braccata
  • Andrena canadensis
  • Andrena chromotricha
  • Andrena fulvipennis
  • Andrena hirticincta
  • Andrena nubecula
  • Andrena placata
  • Andrena simplex
  • Calliopsis coloradensis
Show all 36
  • Colletes americanus
  • Colletes compactus
  • Colletes rufocinctus
  • Colletes simulans
  • Colletes solidaginis
  • Colletes speculiferus
  • Colletes thysanellae
  • Dianthidium simile
  • Megachile inimica
  • Megachile xylocopoides
  • Melissodes coreopsis
  • Melissodes dentiventris
  • Melissodes druriellus
  • Melissodes fumosus
  • Melissodes illatus
  • Melissodes niveus
  • Melissodes trinodis
  • Perdita boltoniae
  • Perdita bruneri
  • Perdita laticincta
  • Perdita octomaculata
  • Perdita swenki
  • Protandrena aestivalis
  • Protandrena andrenoides
  • Protandrena citripes
  • Protandrena compositarum
Smith, Bachelder, Russell, Morales, Mosher & Seltmann 2024, Bee-Specialization-Modeling v0.6.1 (specialist host table compiled from J. Fowler's pollen specialist bee lists), Zenodo, CC BY 4.0
1BirdsRecorded eating Solidago in Virginia

Diet records by plant genus, from studies across North America. Not a record from this state. Birds whose range includes Virginia, most records first.

Avian Diet Database (Hurlbert Lab)

Direct food only. Caterpillars on host plants also feed nesting birds. NC Native Plant Society: butterfly gardening

Beetles 3
  • Diabrotica 12-punctata
  • Diabrotica longicornis
  • Epicauta pennsylvanica

Flower visits · Carlinville, Illinois, USA

Flies 3
  • Cistogaster occidua
  • Spallanzania hesperidarum
  • Sphaerophoria cylindrica

Flower visits · Carlinville, Illinois, USA

Adult butterflies / moths 3
  • Anosia plexippus
  • Drasteria erechtea
  • Heodes hypophlaeas

Flower visits · Carlinville, Illinois, USA

Other wasps 10
  • Ancistrocerus tigris
  • Cerceris prominens
  • Leionotus arvensis
  • Leionotus scrophulariae
  • Polistes annularis
  • Polistes pallipes
  • Polistes variatus
  • Priononyx atrata
  • Priononyx thomae
  • Sphex procera

Flower visits · Carlinville, Illinois, USA

No records yet · Ants · Other insects

Birds that eat Solidago 1

Diet records by plant genus, from studies across North America. Not a record from this state. Avian Diet Database (Hurlbert Lab), CC0 1.0.

Growing and identification

Plant details

Family
Asteraceae
Hardiness
Zones 3–9
Flower color
Yellow
Growth rate
Rapid
Growth habit
Spreads by rhizomes
Foliage color
Green
Fruit begins
Summer
Fruit ends
Fall
Growing sources and scope
Also known as

Oligoneuron rigidum; Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum

Conservation status

Virginia rankS2
Global rankG5T5
VA statusNot verified
Federal statusNot verified

Conservation source Global and federal source

In your garden

Will it fit your yard?

Check this plant against your county, sun and soil moisture. Conditions are checked in your browser.

Choose a county to begin.

How to check your spot

Growing cautions

  • Spreads by rhizomes. USDA PLANTS lists its growth form as rhizomatous. USDA PLANTS

For planning only; these do not change the score or Fit.

Sources