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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.8939205955334988,"birds":0.9758064516129032,"caterpillars":1,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":1},"rank_pct":0.925,"raw":{"bees":19,"birds":23,"caterpillars":509,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Shrub","Tree"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_supported","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Virginia host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":89,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":"S2"},"source_ids":["lep_va","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:3e0b5cfe3cc0177dc2ac316acfd874236a1f0e184c6f50e9412fecb4e11e3e51","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-incana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5ce4f917536c2b50bf52a84c91dfbe978feac50105066b317c9d166df0b44f6b","levels":[0,1],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,1],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"soil_drainage","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-incana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"ph":{"basis":["Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes"],"categories":["Acid (<6.0)"],"evidence_id":"fact:ac09333dda458a4a7902711504ddde4304568d5056c3091d5c6f1585c42ec94b","policy":"soil-ph-categories-1","range":[4.5,6],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_characteristic","source_field":"soil_ph_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-incana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub","Tree"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_supported"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["51093","51175","51183","51650","51800","51810"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["51093","51175","51183","51650","51800","51810"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"va_heritage","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Quercus incana","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3329"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus incana","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S2","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus incana","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus incana","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Primarily a species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, but rarely extending inland into the Piedmont (especially on coarse sandy alluvium): se. 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Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida and west to c. Texas, sw. Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus incana","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S2","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132247/Quercus_incana"}],"native_explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:3329"],"source_name":"Quercus incana","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3329","state_rank":"S2"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3329","state_rank":{"value":"S2"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,1],"ph":[4.5,6]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 28 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox pH categories (Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes)"},"fit_record":{"band":"Keystone","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:3e0b5cfe3cc0177dc2ac316acfd874236a1f0e184c6f50e9412fecb4e11e3e51","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-incana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5ce4f917536c2b50bf52a84c91dfbe978feac50105066b317c9d166df0b44f6b","levels":[0,1],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,1],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"soil_drainage","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-incana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"ph":{"basis":["Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes"],"categories":["Acid (<6.0)"],"evidence_id":"fact:ac09333dda458a4a7902711504ddde4304568d5056c3091d5c6f1585c42ec94b","policy":"soil-ph-categories-1","range":[4.5,6],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_characteristic","source_field":"soil_ph_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-incana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["01001","01003","01005","01007","01011","01013","01019","01021","01023","01025","01031","01035","01037","01039","01041","01043","01045","01047","01049","01051","01053","01055","01061","01063","01065","01069","01075","01081","01087","01091","01097","01099","01101","01109","01111","01113","01125","01129","12001","12003","12005","12007","12009","12013","12017","12019","12023","12027","12031","12033","12035","12037","12039","12041","12045","12047","12053","12055","12057","12063","12065","12067","12069","12071","12073","12075","12077","12079","12081","12083","12089","12091","12095","12097","12101","12103","12105","12107","12109","12113","12115","12119","12121","12123","12127","12129","12131","12133","13003","13017","13025","13027","13029","13031","13037","13049","13051","13065","13071","13087","13091","13103","13105","13131","13155","13161","13173","13175","13183","13185","13189","13191","13205","13215","13245","13251","13269","13271","13277","13299","13303","13321","37013","37017","37031","37041","37045","37047","37051","37055","37061","37065","37073","37079","37085","37093","37101","37105","37107","37125","37129","37133","37137","37141","37153","37155","37163","37165","37173","37191","45003","45005","45009","45011","45013","45015","45017","45019","45025","45029","45031","45033","45035","45037","45043","45047","45051","45053","45055","45061","45063","45067","45069","45075","45079","45081","45085","51093","51175","51183","51650","51800","51810"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,1],"ph":[4.5,6]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 28 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox pH categories (Bound printed by the source; open end from USDA NRCS soil reaction classes)"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Quercus incana","rank":"S2","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3329","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3329"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":89,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Quercus incana","rank":"S2","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3329","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3329"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"growing_observations":{"extension":{"identity_basis":"Exact genus/species fields on cached page","matched_name":"Quercus incana","retrieved":"2026-09-30T17:45:28.895328+00:00","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"45cf6747db2d538fc2ad27c072d6ef07440a564526ec5638a5125fb45273aaf7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/quercus-incana/","values":{"bloom_season":["Spring"],"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow","Green"],"hardiness_zones":["7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_feet":[30,55],"leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Woody"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Occasionally Dry","Very Dry"],"nc_regions":["Coastal","Piedmont"],"soil_drainage":["Good Drainage","Occasionally Dry","Very Dry"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)"],"width_feet":[25,45]}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Quercus incana","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Quercus incana","source_record_id":3349,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Sandhills, primarily in somewhat loamier textured, submesic soils, inland from the Coastal Plain on coarse sandy alluvium or upland ridges over quartzite or other acidic rocks."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Primarily a species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, but rarely extending inland into the Piedmont (especially on coarse sandy alluvium): se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida and west to c. Texas, sw. Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Apr; Sep-Nov (of the second year)."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, F, Fl2, FNA3, K1, K4, NcTx, NS, POWO, RAB, Va, WH3, Hunt (1990); = Quercus brevifolia (Lam.) Sarg. — S13; = Quercus cinerea Michx. — C, Chap, G, S; ? Quercus humilis Walter]"},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"Organism","value":"This oak is recognizable even at a distance by its bluish color. In frequent fire situations (its characteristic habitat), Q. incana is generally not strongly clonal and stoloniferous even in frequently burned situations; fire sprouts and vigorous shoots are more prone to lobing than adult trees; even fire shoots, though, usually with only one to several lobes, and the characteristic bluish-green characteristic holds; see comments on Q. pumila ."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"Organism","value":7},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"lob","Attr13":"nt,to","Attr14":"Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n,stel","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 3-5","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3349,"source_table":"Organism","value":"April"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"April","geographic_range_description":"Primarily a species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, but rarely extending inland into the Piedmont (especially on coarse sandy alluvium): se. 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In frequent fire situations (its characteristic habitat), Q. incana is generally not strongly clonal and stoloniferous even in frequently burned situations; fire sprouts and vigorous shoots are more prone to lobing than adult trees; even fire shoots, though, usually with only one to several lobes, and the characteristic bluish-green characteristic holds; see comments on Q. pumila .","phenology_source_text":"Apr; Sep-Nov (of the second year).","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, F, Fl2, FNA3, K1, K4, NcTx, NS, POWO, RAB, Va, WH3, Hunt (1990); = Quercus brevifolia (Lam.) Sarg. — S13; = Quercus cinerea Michx. — C, Chap, G, S; ? 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Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida and west to c. Texas, sw. Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.floridafieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Primarily a species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, but rarely extending inland into the Piedmont (especially on coarse sandy alluvium): se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida and west to c. Texas, sw. Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Primarily a species of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, but rarely extending inland into the Piedmont (especially on coarse sandy alluvium): se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida and west to c. Texas, sw. Arkansas, and se. Oklahoma.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus incana","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S2","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132247/Quercus_incana"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_heritage","explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","label":"Native to Virginia (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Quercus incana","taxon_id":"taxon:718d28f9-1fd0-595a-9086-3a7075634865","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[{"id":"inat-381398814","src":"/api/photos/image/27086b99ab4c90bfed9367e96adabf2f6b2e44d2c707834e826bb7b23a0b1ed4.jpeg","view":"foliage","alt":"Quercus incana — foliage photograph","width":281,"height":500,"artist":"no rights reserved","license":"CC0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/381398814","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.","kind":"photo"}]}