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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.24379652605459057,"birds":0.8722084367245657,"caterpillars":0.9776674937965261,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":1},"rank_pct":0.71,"raw":{"bees":0,"birds":6,"caterpillars":120,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Tree"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_supported","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Virginia host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":66,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":"S3S4"},"source_ids":["lep_va","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:bfe2f5a4df264050b065024c884ca8d413fbcdb4e9314fd65fd39ad45072784c","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e5ece38db806d7ed01c4ecbc82db1636ade9aa34388db86bf6bc404a5ac989fa","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Tree"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_supported"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["51015","51017","51069","51071","51077","51091","51113","51139","51157","51165","51167","51173","51185","51191"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["51015","51017","51069","51071","51077","51091","51113","51139","51157","51165","51167","51173","51185","51191"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"va_atlas","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Picea rubens","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=936"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Picea rubens","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N SPM:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Picea rubens","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Picea rubens","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S3S4","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.140160/Picea_rubens"}],"native_explanation":"Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","native_provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"va_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:936"],"source_name":"Picea rubens","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=936","state_rank":"S3S4"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=936","state_rank":{"value":"S3S4"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":[4,5.8]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 11 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:bfe2f5a4df264050b065024c884ca8d413fbcdb4e9314fd65fd39ad45072784c","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e5ece38db806d7ed01c4ecbc82db1636ade9aa34388db86bf6bc404a5ac989fa","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["37009","37011","37021","37087","37099","37111","37113","37121","37173","37189","37199","47001","47019","47091","47145","47155","47171","51015","51017","51069","51071","51077","51091","51113","51139","51157","51165","51167","51173","51185","51191"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":[4,5.8]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 11 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":66,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"eol_usda":{"archive_doi":"10.5281/zenodo.22129810","matched_name":"Picea rubens","retrieved":"2026-09-30","scope":"Nationwide approximate species characteristics; tolerance categories do not specify sun hours or moisture requirements","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"USDA PLANTS via EOL TraitBank","source_sha256":"04bb6a5292502ddc757bb909f4151de4b9aaea042223dfb486ffe2a94a2564db","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PIRU","trait_evidence":[{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1033620","field":"drought_tolerance","method":"Compares the relative tolerance of the plant to drought conditions to other species with the same growth habit from the same geographical region. 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These plant species are considered to be more drought tolerant than the species that are frequently found in the low areas with fine textured soil.","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PIRU","trait_id":"R133-PK288755772","trait_label":"drought tolerance","value":"medium (normal)"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1033620","field":"moisture_use","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PIRU","trait_id":"R133-PK288766842","trait_label":"moisture use","value":"medium"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1033620","field":"shade_tolerance","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PIRU","trait_id":"R133-PK288785463","trait_label":"shade tolerance","value":"high tolerance"}],"values":{"drought_tolerance":"medium (normal)","moisture_use":"medium","shade_tolerance":"high tolerance"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Picea rubens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Picea rubens","source_record_id":242,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Common to dominant in spruce and spruce-fir forests at high elevations, scattered in northern hardwood forests, heath balds, boulderfield forests, ridges, and rarely coves, also in bogs or swampy forests at lower elevations (in NC not below 1000 m), ranging in moisture tolerance from dry ridges (though these are often fog-bathed) to saturated peats, and sometimes planted and naturalized. Picea rubens appears as scattered individuals (\"natural waifs\") at lower elevations than it is usually found; these seem to reflect sporadic seeding and short term survival and growth from some natural means."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Nova Scotia and New Brunswick south (interruptedly) to w. North Carolina and e. Tennessee. A single tree in the Mountains of South Carolina is presumably a \"natural waif\" (Bradley et al. [in prep.]). Also planted and persistent or and naturalizing on Brasstown Bald, Rabun County, Georgia (M. Medley, pers.comm. 2022) and in the Cohutta Wilderness Area (Fannin, Gilmer, & Murray counties, Georgia)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May-Jun; Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= C, Can, F, FNA2, G, K1, K4, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tn, Va, W, WV, Price (1989); Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb. var. rubra Du Roi; = n/a — Tat; > Picea australis Small — S, S13; > Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb. — S13; > Picea rubens Sarg. — S]"},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":4},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr13","Attr1":"nc_mt,sc_mt,ga_mt,","Attr10":"C005,C020","Attr11":"C10,C30,C50","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_ga_mt:n,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"y","Attr6":"Cc","Attr7":"a","Attr9":"t"}},{"field":"fruit_season_begin","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":"October"},{"field":"fruit_season_end","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":"October"},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":242,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May to June"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"May to June","fruit_season_begin":"October","fruit_season_end":"October","geographic_range_description":"Nova Scotia and New Brunswick south (interruptedly) to w. North Carolina and e. Tennessee. A single tree in the Mountains of South Carolina is presumably a \"natural waif\" (Bradley et al. [in prep.]). Also planted and persistent or and naturalizing on Brasstown Bald, Rabun County, Georgia (M. Medley, pers.comm. 2022) and in the Cohutta Wilderness Area (Fannin, Gilmer, & Murray counties, Georgia).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr13","Attr1":"nc_mt,sc_mt,ga_mt,","Attr10":"C005,C020","Attr11":"C10,C30,C50","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_ga_mt:n,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"y","Attr6":"Cc","Attr7":"a","Attr9":"t"},"habitat_description":"Common to dominant in spruce and spruce-fir forests at high elevations, scattered in northern hardwood forests, heath balds, boulderfield forests, ridges, and rarely coves, also in bogs or swampy forests at lower elevations (in NC not below 1000 m), ranging in moisture tolerance from dry ridges (though these are often fog-bathed) to saturated peats, and sometimes planted and naturalized. Picea rubens appears as scattered individuals (\"natural waifs\") at lower elevations than it is usually found; these seem to reflect sporadic seeding and short term survival and growth from some natural means.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":4,"phenology_source_text":"May-Jun; Oct.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= C, Can, F, FNA2, G, K1, K4, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tn, Va, W, WV, Price (1989); Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb. var. rubra Du Roi; = n/a — Tat; > Picea australis Small — S, S13; > Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenb. — S13; > Picea rubens Sarg. — S]"}},"ncsu_fruit_archive":{"archive":"data/photo-expansion/recovery/ncsu-picea-rubens.html","identity_basis":"Exact page heading","matched_name":"Picea rubens","retrieved":"2026-09-29","scope":"Species profile fruit display season; not a local ripening date","source_field":"Fruit: Display/Harvest Time","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"be701654ab5ab056946508a091d0b31dc2bbea10e5fa2ded9fba65cec451c169","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","source_value":["Fall"],"values":{"fruit_season_begin":"Fall","fruit_season_end":"Fall"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Picea rubens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:41:45.845947+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"deb44e870ba990e29f9cfb408918eec8bb0b2ac5e29fbd545a062f85770b7d60","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Picea rubens","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:1237c23cb86a3f7d3317eaf88f7989635f37a963f1e2fec699a697ffb1ac8759","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:45.845947+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","label":"Native to Virginia (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"va_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Picea rubens","taxon_id":"taxon:e53003ff-e404-5a31-8847-f417eed857b2","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[{"id":"recovery-ncsu-picea-rubens-23716","src":"/api/photos/image/f809dcd2e00df82bad5488a8cd287c77439b43682df6f7e88bff567644b45abb.jpg","view":"other","alt":"Picea rubens — cone photograph","width":1024,"height":768,"artist":"Keith Kanoti, Maine Forest Service, Bugwood.org","license":"CC BY 3.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/picea-rubens/","changes":"Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.","kind":"photo"}]}