{"assessment":{"band":"Harmful","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":"https://ncwildflower.org/invasive-exotic-species-list/","invasive_evidence":[{"category":"High (early detection species)","listed":true,"rank":1,"scientific_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","state":"VA","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/nh-invasive-plant-list-2024.pdf"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in Virginia; do not plant. Uses the shared species harm profile established from NC evidence; not a state agency severity rating.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":-30,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"3","native":false,"state_rank":"SNR"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Existing shared species harm profile from NC source","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:a0d6f4d535c60e8d3e8920db40ed3fa5d31e80d03589171dbe38ba6ee8da755f","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:8159a0267830db6f34de858623604b8768a2c867539525619d76a01179bcf4aa","levels":[3,4,5],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[3,5],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["51007","51041","51043","51081","51139","51173","51187","51195","51650","51700"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["51007","51041","51043","51081","51139","51173","51187","51195","51650","51700"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"High (early detection species)","listed":true,"rank":1,"scientific_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","state":"VA","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/nh-invasive-plant-list-2024.pdf"}],"invasive_rank":1,"native":false,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"va_invasive","native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"I","matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=2939"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"VA","source":"va_invasive","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/nh-invasive-plant-list-2024.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":617,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"}],"native_explanation":"Virginia DCR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"not_native","package_native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:2939"],"source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","source_refs":["natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_invasive"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=2939","state_rank":"SNR"},"source_refs":["natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_invasive"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=2939","state_rank":{"value":"SNR"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[3,5],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"fit_record":{"band":"Harmful","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:a0d6f4d535c60e8d3e8920db40ed3fa5d31e80d03589171dbe38ba6ee8da755f","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:8159a0267830db6f34de858623604b8768a2c867539525619d76a01179bcf4aa","levels":[3,4,5],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[3,5],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["01003","01011","01023","01039","01051","01063","01065","01069","01071","01079","01083","01089","01091","01095","01101","01105","01129","01131","45007","45015","45017","45019","45021","45027","45045","45047","45055","45057","45059","45071","45075","45077","45079","45081","45085","51007","51041","51043","51081","51139","51173","51187","51195","51650","51700"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[3,5],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-30,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed","suggestions_excluded":false},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_primary_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","review_decision":{"reason":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","sources":["ludwigia-hexapetala--ncsu_sitemap"],"status":"source_recorded","value":"yellow"},"review_note":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": [\"Gold/Yellow\"], \"light\": [\"Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)\"]}","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:39:06.333086+00:00","sha256":"72f3752b528dc568560f923d84ec92c5a27172bedefed45bf8f36a6728bd81f7","source_record_id":null,"title":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/"}],"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/","values":{"primary_flower_color":"yellow"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","source_record_id":617,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Ponds, lakes, sluggish waters of ditches or streams."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":"North Carolina south to Florida, west to Oklahoma and Texas; also in California, Europe, South America, Mexico; also introduced farther north in North America. Reported for Delaware and Maryland (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May-Sep."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= FNA10, Meso4.1, NY, Pa, POWO, Wagner, Hoch, & Raven (2007), Zardini, Gu, & Raven (1991); = Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet ssp. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) G.L.Nesom & Kartesz — Ar, K4, NSProv, Tn, Va, Nesom & Kartesz (2000); = Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet var. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) D.B.Ward — Ward (2012a); = n/a — Tat; Jussiaea uruguayensis Cambess. — F, G, WV; Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet — Fl4, NS, WH3; Ludwigia uruguayensis (Cambess.) Hara — C, GW2, K1, RAB, W]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":"This taxon is decaploid (n = 40). See Zardini, Gu, and Raven (1991) and Nesom & Kartesz (2000) for additional information."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Moist","Water","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr12":"e","Attr13":"rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 4-10","Attr5":"aq,pr","Attr6":"pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,nr,wi"}},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":617,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May to September"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"May to September","botanical_comments":"This taxon is decaploid (n = 40). See Zardini, Gu, and Raven (1991) and Nesom & Kartesz (2000) for additional information.","geographic_range_description":"North Carolina south to Florida, west to Oklahoma and Texas; also in California, Europe, South America, Mexico; also introduced farther north in North America. Reported for Delaware and Maryland (Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp 2016).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr12":"e","Attr13":"rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 4-10","Attr5":"aq,pr","Attr6":"pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,nr,wi"},"habitat_description":"Ponds, lakes, sluggish waters of ditches or streams.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Moist","Water","Wet"],"heliophily_index":9,"phenology_source_text":"May-Sep.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= FNA10, Meso4.1, NY, Pa, POWO, Wagner, Hoch, & Raven (2007), Zardini, Gu, & Raven (1991); = Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet ssp. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) G.L.Nesom & Kartesz — Ar, K4, NSProv, Tn, Va, Nesom & Kartesz (2000); = Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet var. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) D.B.Ward — Ward (2012a); = n/a — Tat; Jussiaea uruguayensis Cambess. — F, G, WV; Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet — Fl4, NS, WH3; Ludwigia uruguayensis (Cambess.) Hara — C, GW2, K1, RAB, W]","wetland_source_note":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:39:06.333086+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"72f3752b528dc568560f923d84ec92c5a27172bedefed45bf8f36a6728bd81f7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:a1ad41e4177d9a9409158ccb22231dd133d4cb3be7b1342daa1846e708eb4b7a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:06.333086+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","source_sha256":"72f3752b528dc568560f923d84ec92c5a27172bedefed45bf8f36a6728bd81f7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1c2d8c6f-0c93-5449-8e25-36a80887fc63","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:e523e033a4844777b70043449cb68acfa87ec1655efc8d27a78dc8d12d3d6152","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:06.333086+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","source_sha256":"72f3752b528dc568560f923d84ec92c5a27172bedefed45bf8f36a6728bd81f7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1c2d8c6f-0c93-5449-8e25-36a80887fc63","value":["Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:f336316aaeecd719a5936ad05df029169a3f24b59f4e784be74176a44ee933ea","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:06.333086+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","source_sha256":"72f3752b528dc568560f923d84ec92c5a27172bedefed45bf8f36a6728bd81f7","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ludwigia-hexapetala/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1c2d8c6f-0c93-5449-8e25-36a80887fc63","value":["Gold/Yellow"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"I","matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=2939"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"VA","source":"va_invasive","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/nh-invasive-plant-list-2024.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"alien asterisk: exotic throughout the Flora area","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"introduced","record_id":617,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_invasive","explanation":"Virginia DCR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","label":"Not native to Virginia","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Ludwigia hexapetala","taxon_id":"taxon:1c2d8c6f-0c93-5449-8e25-36a80887fc63","revision":"publish:cdb975f5-333c-4482-92bd-514ef43ee9c3","photos":[{"id":"inat-141073278","src":"/api/photos/image/89e8713974f1f75fa6cb2c8a5a6b6847c9ad1cdb72b1210d40126fa961b9254a.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Ludwigia hexapetala — flower photograph","width":375,"height":500,"artist":"(c) Amelia Tauber, some rights reserved (CC BY)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/141073278","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.","kind":"photo"}]}