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Uses the shared species harm profile established from NC evidence; not a state agency severity rating.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":-55,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"2","native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Existing shared species harm profile from NC source","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:60031431f620e7b35eb5c2e9dc539ae8317580c0b69782e02eb4299db5f6c4d3","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euonymus-alatus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:302b45535bea3603e86da1b321dfe4c58a3801c404d9aec99dd4e6c9b9ba8e8e","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euonymus-alatus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"ph":{"basis":["Bound printed by the source; 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First reported for North Carolina (Jackson Co.) by Pittillo & Brown (1988), now widespread in the state.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"4","Attr19":"gr,wh,ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_mt:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 3-7","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Suburban woodlands, becoming invasive in parts of our region.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":4,"identification_notes":"Euonymus alatus can easily be distinguished in winter condition from two native species that develop corky wings on the twigs. Euonymus alatus has opposite leaves (and therefore opposite branching), the wings are sometimes four in a particular stretch of twig (rather than two, or irregular), the wings are very 'geometric', with squared off, quadrate ends, and the smaller twigs are green and moderately fine. Ulmus alata has alternate leaves (and therefore alternate branches), usually 2 thinnish wings, irregular ends and margins of the wings, and fine smaller twigs that are greenish to tan or brown. Liquidambar styraciflua has alternate leaves (and therefore alternate branches), irregular corky outgrowths that often are not particularly wing-like, and greenish to bronze moderately thick twigs.","phenology_source_text":"Apr-Jun; Sep-Oct.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, Can, F, FNA12, G, Il, K4, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, Tn, Va, W, Brizicky (1964a), Ma & Funston (2008); = Euonymus alata — K1, Mi, Voss (1985); = n/a — RAB, Tat; > Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold var. alatus ; > Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) 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The branches typically have prominent, corky wings [5,19,34,42,49], although stem wings are reduced to ridges or absent on some plants [4,16,33,38]. Burningbush is deciduous [5,19,49], with opposite leaves [34]. The inflorescence is a long-peduncled cyme with perfect flowers [34]. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule [19] containing up to 4 seeds [33] that are enclosed in an aril [19]. A fact sheet describes burningbush's root system as deep and fibrous [38].","source_section":"Euonymus alatus, burningbush / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"0115ed2f8956767ceb84f9ef8762d0f5a45bbfb6314a103ff71f93a8ba6cb796","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Euonymus alatus","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/euoala"}],"values":{"height_description":"grows to 8.2 feet (2.5 m) tall"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Euonymus alatus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:34:16.813156+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"b1ef3dd858ea49c0090d666d42f0b6fc3ff8e961b0284fa3d3fc5344aac12932","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/winged-burning-bush","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Euonymus alatus","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:0b83597759d545826342300cb5e42a0a5f34c2eb521d8c2a3c733585dcbc229c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:16.813156+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Euonymus alatus","source_sha256":"b1ef3dd858ea49c0090d666d42f0b6fc3ff8e961b0284fa3d3fc5344aac12932","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/winged-burning-bush","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:20f44c06-e179-5243-81ae-189c8b34d922","value":{"max":12,"min":6,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Euonymus alatus","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:31acdbfd14b14248782a6fdf54ad73c5d79db15c1a88fde212391aec58292197","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:16.813156+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Euonymus alatus","source_sha256":"b1ef3dd858ea49c0090d666d42f0b6fc3ff8e961b0284fa3d3fc5344aac12932","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/winged-burning-bush","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:20f44c06-e179-5243-81ae-189c8b34d922","value":["perennial woody"]}],"values":{"height_description":"6–12 feet","life_cycle":["perennial woody"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Euonymus alatus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:35:17.175861+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Euonymus alatus","source_sha256":"34743cd29b1965e05590ab053513144e4c9d699c21288c0971bdf46f545a4240","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euonymus-alatus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:20f44c06-e179-5243-81ae-189c8b34d922","value":["Gold/Yellow","Green","Red/Burgundy"]},{"expected_source_name":"Euonymus alatus","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:e333d73619c9da4f3077f45585b1bdbe6e22a462a8a246267cf55cdca27e51fb","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:17.175861+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Euonymus alatus","source_sha256":"34743cd29b1965e05590ab053513144e4c9d699c21288c0971bdf46f545a4240","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euonymus-alatus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:20f44c06-e179-5243-81ae-189c8b34d922","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"]},{"expected_source_name":"Euonymus alatus","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:e5bae108652ab6ff78dc952927c7313c1d15c7b23276fd8bb1bb7ea43ad4a925","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:17.175861+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Euonymus alatus","source_sha256":"34743cd29b1965e05590ab053513144e4c9d699c21288c0971bdf46f545a4240","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euonymus-alatus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:20f44c06-e179-5243-81ae-189c8b34d922","value":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Euonymus alatus","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:f64af73ab6738ce1ce9e807665b8b8bc5ce17ddda4e4c1aaacca4308bb08c24f","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:17.175861+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Euonymus alatus","source_sha256":"34743cd29b1965e05590ab053513144e4c9d699c21288c0971bdf46f545a4240","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/euonymus-alatus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:20f44c06-e179-5243-81ae-189c8b34d922","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow","Green","Red/Burgundy"],"hardiness_zones":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b"],"height_description":"15–20 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Woody"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"15–20 feet"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","flag":"I","matched_name":"Euonymus alatus","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=737"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"VA","source":"va_invasive","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/nh-invasive-plant-list-2024.pdf"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Euonymus alatus","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Euonymus alatus","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"SNA","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.128977/Euonymus_alatus"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_invasive","explanation":"Virginia DCR invasive plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","label":"Not native to Virginia","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_invasive","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Euonymus alatus","taxon_id":"taxon:20f44c06-e179-5243-81ae-189c8b34d922","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[{"id":"inat-106061708","src":"/api/photos/image/e3e1d2cf7d953e21a86bb7b78db83d4c9ddd18e8f8866d45fdb54f8410988c76.jpg","view":"foliage","alt":"Euonymus alatus — foliage photograph","width":375,"height":500,"artist":"(c) Emily Summerbell, some rights reserved (CC BY)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/106061708","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; 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