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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.24379652605459057,"birds":0.6643920595533499,"caterpillars":0.6234491315136477,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":0.5},"rank_pct":0.251,"raw":{"bees":0,"birds":1,"caterpillars":4,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Graminoid"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_supported","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Virginia host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":27,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":"S1S2"},"source_ids":["lep_va","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:b8117b58e68b9ba9a1531eb93f93e85086c2fc1b61f14af303a38f3e32653f57","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5c6a1a4790b905a164b8f5fc29a4ca9eba5251f4465f5235cab83f5081317d72","levels":[4,5],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,5],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Graminoid"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_supported"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["51001","51550","51810"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["51001","51550","51810"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"va_heritage","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S1S2","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"HI:N L48:N PR:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.floridafieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1S2","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.136263/Cladium_mariscus_ssp_jamaicense"}],"native_explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:1300"],"source_name":"Cladium jamaicense","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300","state_rank":"S1S2"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300","state_rank":{"value":"S1S2"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[4,5],"ph":[4.5,8.6]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 13 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"fit_record":{"band":"Good","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:b8117b58e68b9ba9a1531eb93f93e85086c2fc1b61f14af303a38f3e32653f57","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5c6a1a4790b905a164b8f5fc29a4ca9eba5251f4465f5235cab83f5081317d72","levels":[4,5],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[4,5],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["01003","01061","01097","12001","12005","12009","12011","12015","12017","12021","12023","12027","12029","12031","12033","12035","12037","12039","12043","12045","12049","12051","12053","12057","12061","12063","12065","12069","12071","12073","12075","12077","12081","12083","12085","12086","12087","12089","12091","12095","12097","12099","12101","12103","12105","12107","12109","12113","12115","12117","12119","12123","12127","12129","12131","12133","37013","37019","37029","37031","37041","37049","37053","37055","37095","37129","37133","37137","37177","45013","45015","45019","45029","45043","45051","45053","51001","51550","51810"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[4,5],"ph":[4.5,8.6]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 13 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Cladium jamaicense","rank":"S1S2","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":27,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Cladium jamaicense","rank":"S1S2","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Cladium jamaicense","source_record_id":1431,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"In circumneutral to alkaline situations, including brackish marshes and oligohaline freshwater marshes, widespread inland in FL over limestone or oolite (notably in the Everglades of s. FL), and also inland in pine savannas underlain by coquina limestone (NC) or in salt glades (s. AR) or calcareous fens (MO)."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Jul-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, Bah, C, ETx1, F, FNA23, G, GW1, RAB, Tx, Va, WH3; = Cladium effusum Torrey — S13; = Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük. — POWO; = Mariscus jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton — S; Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük. — K1, K4, NcTx, NS]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"C. jamaicense is sometimes treated as one component ( C. mariscus ssp. jamaicense ) of a multi-continental C. mariscus complex. Unresolved taxonomic issues also relate to the circumscription of C. jamaicense and C. californicum (S. Watson) O'Neill, particularly as regards inland populations in the sw. United States and n. Mexico, extending east to the Edwards Plateau (and vicinity) in TX. The leaves are harshly scabrous and can cut skin or fabric."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Cladium jamaicense is easy to recognize from its grayish-green, leathery leaves, harshly scabrous on their margins and the midvein beneath; the leaves are usually strongly V'ed, making for 3 cutting edges arrayed in close to an equilateral triangle in ×-section."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"name change"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Water","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr04","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,ga_cp,","Attr10":"4H23,4H3m,4H43,4H64,4H91","Attr11":"c","Attr12":"4Bw4,4Bw6,4BwC,4BwX","Attr2":"Water,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_ga_cp:y,","Attr4":" 6-11","Attr5":"n","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"r,t","Attr9":"n"}},{"field":"height_description","source_column":"Text","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_quote":"Plants 1-3 m tall, coarse, from short rhizomes , forming dense tussocks; leaves 3-15 dm long, 5-12 mm wide, stiff and flat (or broadly V-shaped), the margins and midrib (beneath) harshly serrate (saw- toothed ); inflorescence a narrow panicle 3-9 dm long, the branches bearing several fascicles of spikelets ; achene base broadly rounded to truncate ; [of tidal freshwater to brackish marshes , outer Coastal Plain calcareous savannas , freshwater marshes over limestone ].","source_record_id":"Lead:89809","source_table":"Lead","value":"3.28084–9.84252 feet"},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":1431,"source_table":"Organism","value":"July to October"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"July to October","botanical_comments":"C. jamaicense is sometimes treated as one component ( C. mariscus ssp. jamaicense ) of a multi-continental C. mariscus complex. Unresolved taxonomic issues also relate to the circumscription of C. jamaicense and C. californicum (S. Watson) O'Neill, particularly as regards inland populations in the sw. United States and n. Mexico, extending east to the Edwards Plateau (and vicinity) in TX. The leaves are harshly scabrous and can cut skin or fabric.","geographic_range_description":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr04","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,ga_cp,","Attr10":"4H23,4H3m,4H43,4H64,4H91","Attr11":"c","Attr12":"4Bw4,4Bw6,4BwC,4BwX","Attr2":"Water,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_ga_cp:y,","Attr4":" 6-11","Attr5":"n","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"r,t","Attr9":"n"},"habitat_description":"In circumneutral to alkaline situations, including brackish marshes and oligohaline freshwater marshes, widespread inland in FL over limestone or oolite (notably in the Everglades of s. FL), and also inland in pine savannas underlain by coquina limestone (NC) or in salt glades (s. AR) or calcareous fens (MO).","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Water","Wet"],"height_description":"3.28084–9.84252 feet","heliophily_index":9,"identification_notes":"Cladium jamaicense is easy to recognize from its grayish-green, leathery leaves, harshly scabrous on their margins and the midvein beneath; the leaves are usually strongly V'ed, making for 3 cutting edges arrayed in close to an equilateral triangle in ×-section.","phenology_source_text":"Jul-Oct.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, Bah, C, ETx1, F, FNA23, G, GW1, RAB, Tx, Va, WH3; = Cladium effusum Torrey — S13; = Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük. — POWO; = Mariscus jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton — S; Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kük. — K1, K4, NcTx, NS]","wetland_source_note":"name change"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":18518,"values":{"bloom_season":"Summer","flower_color":"Green","foliage_color":"Dark Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Fall","growth_architecture":"Bunch","growth_rate":"Moderate","height_ft":8.2,"leaf_retention":"No"}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=1300"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S1S2","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"HI:N L48:N PR:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium jamaicense","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.floridafieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to s. Florida, west to sc. Arkansas and e. Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. This is, of course, the famous sawgrass which dominates many square miles in the Everglades of s. Florida (where underlain by oolite).","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1S2","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.136263/Cladium_mariscus_ssp_jamaicense"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_heritage","explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","label":"Native to Virginia (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Cladium jamaicense","taxon_id":"taxon:e449f524-8373-5fdb-a3d5-8a922bb61f2a","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[]}