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In 2008, Ward & Wiersema (2008) formally proposed rejection of Juglans alba (the basionym of Carya alba ), and the Committee has recommended its rejection unanimously (Brummitt 2010). For further discussion see Rehder (1945), Howard & Staples (1983), Wunderlin, Hansen, & Hall (1985), and Brummitt (2010)."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":595,"source_table":"Organism","value":4},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":595,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":595,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":595,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"5,6+","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"pel,stel","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd,ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 3-6","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"com"}},{"field":"fruit_season_begin","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":595,"source_table":"Organism","value":"October"},{"field":"fruit_season_end","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":595,"source_table":"Organism","value":"October"},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":595,"source_table":"Organism","value":"April to May"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"April to May","botanical_comments":"There has been confusion and controversy for several centuries over the specific epithet. The oldest basionym available is Juglans alba Linnaeus, which apparently included disparate elements, including this taxon and C. ovata . Following a more circumscribed typification by Crantz in 1766, the epithet ‘ alba ’ should have been applied to this taxon, but continued to be applied in various ways. Rehder (1945) proposed that C. alba should be considered a nomen ambiguum , but agreed that it applied correctly to what has often been called C. tomentosa . He argued that the use of C. alba should be rejected \"in order to avoid confusion and ambiguity\". In 2008, Ward & Wiersema (2008) formally proposed rejection of Juglans alba (the basionym of Carya alba ), and the Committee has recommended its rejection unanimously (Brummitt 2010). For further discussion see Rehder (1945), Howard & Staples (1983), Wunderlin, Hansen, & Hall (1985), and Brummitt (2010).","fruit_season_begin":"October","fruit_season_end":"October","geographic_range_description":"Massachusetts west to Indiana and Iowa, south to n. peninsular Florida and Texas.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"5,6+","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"pel,stel","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd,ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 3-6","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"com"},"habitat_description":"Forests and woodlands, one of the most common forest trees of much of our region.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":4,"phenology_source_text":"Apr-May; Oct.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= C, Can, F, Fl2, FNA3, G, GrPl, Il, K4, Mo3, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3; Juglans alba L.; = Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Elliott — Ar, K1, NcTx; = Hicoria alba (L.) Britton — S, S13]"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":70649,"values":{"bloom_season":"Mid Spring","flower_color":"Yellow","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Fall","growth_architecture":"Single Stem","growth_rate":"Slow","height_ft":85,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","modified":"2017-01-18T14:51:47+00:00","page_id":"10289","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/trees/scientific-name/mockernut-hickory-white-hickory-big-bud-hickory/","values":{"light":["Full to part sun"],"moisture_categories":["medium to dry"]}},"virginia_coastal":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:37.533960+00:00","row_top":805.0003,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Coastal Plain","source_sha256":"c7dc029781c9ba41743547b5b3234bbe1c4c027e3137534abdc4b4fe2cf39612","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/cp-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Shade (minimum requirement)","Partial sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Low","Moderate"]}},"virginia_piedmont":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:36.632111+00:00","row_top":810.3996000000001,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","source_sha256":"cb946fa6b7fa4ad5694d1debe04b04c392bc7389af2321eeab1ebcff381a5be3","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/pied-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Shade (minimum requirement)","Partial sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Low","Moderate"]}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=2586"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Massachusetts west to Indiana and Iowa, south to n. peninsular Florida and Texas.","url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.midatlanticfieldguide"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Carya tomentosa","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S5","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.140258/Carya_tomentosa"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_atlas","explanation":"Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora (published flora, state claim) gives the value, over a broader claim from a higher tier. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","label":"Native to Virginia (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":["over_higher_tier"],"source":"va_atlas","specificity":"state","tier":"published_flora"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Carya tomentosa","taxon_id":"taxon:55779bc1-55b3-5e6f-bf76-9c64591d8cb6","revision":"publish:903368a2-17ec-496c-89d2-a217f30d9dda","photos":[{"id":"carya-tomentosa-5305948","src":"/api/photos/image/7617eb480d326002cafbe6e5380edb67be1e8c31d46612af0c3e129868bfd1c4.jpg","view":"fruit","alt":"Carya tomentosa — fruit photograph","width":960,"height":638,"artist":"Steve Hurst. Provided by ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. United States, MO, Allenton.","license":"Public domain","license_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carya_tomentosa_nuts_USDA.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching","kind":"photo"}]}