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Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana (Florida parishes); also extenisevly distributed in Mexico (18 states).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana (Florida parishes); also extenisevly distributed in Mexico (18 states).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana (Florida parishes); also extenisevly distributed in Mexico (18 states).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Cartrema americanum","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":5137,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Cartrema americana","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.149806/Cartrema_americana"}],"native_explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. Speaks for its own area (NC), not this state: Vascular Plants of North Carolina (NC Natural Heritage Program).","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:3090"],"source_name":"Cartrema americanum","source_refs":["natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3090","state_rank":"S1"},"source_refs":["natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3090","state_rank":{"value":"S1"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"fit_record":{"band":"Modest","condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:717a4273af0b4d89df88919c88e175570dda49779e8ec339345ada9b0b03b67a","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:f4dad054b02491d9d31ea3209f678ffd1ef95e4fe9b7aa39534bd030b429d220","levels":[0,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["01001","01003","01005","01013","01015","01021","01023","01025","01031","01035","01039","01041","01045","01051","01053","01061","01067","01069","01081","01097","01099","01101","01109","01119","01123","01129","12001","12005","12009","12013","12017","12019","12023","12029","12031","12033","12035","12037","12039","12045","12047","12049","12053","12055","12057","12059","12061","12063","12065","12067","12069","12073","12075","12077","12079","12081","12083","12089","12091","12095","12097","12101","12103","12105","12107","12109","12113","12117","12119","12121","12123","12127","12129","12131","12133","13017","13031","13051","13053","13095","13127","13155","13163","13185","13191","13229","13271","13309","45003","45005","45009","45013","45015","45019","45027","45029","45035","45041","45043","45049","45051","45053","45067","45075","51550","51810"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Cartrema americanum","rank":"S1","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3090","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3090"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":19,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Cartrema americanum","rank":"S1","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3090","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3090"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_primary_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Cartrema americanum","review_decision":{"reason":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","sources":["cartrema-americanum--wildflower_center"],"status":"source_recorded","value":"white"},"review_note":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": [\"White\"], \"light\": [\"Part Shade\"]}","retrieved":"2026-10-05T20:04:17.848169+00:00","sha256":"a389d214f05a7c711d8f26fbb0c1e27d5dc38497f9e990c2024b46520a241cc7","source_record_id":null,"title":"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center","url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=OSAM"}],"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=OSAM","values":{"primary_flower_color":"white"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Cartrema americanum","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Cartrema americanum","source_record_id":5137,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Maritime forests and (in FL, GA, SC, and extreme s. NC) hammocks and other dry, sandy forests well inland, and reported southwards for wet habitats as well."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana (Florida parishes); also extenisevly distributed in Mexico (18 states)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Apr-May; Aug-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Fl6, POWO; = Amarolea americana (L.) Small — S; = Cartrema americana (L.) G.L.Nesom — FNA16, K4, Mex, NS, Nesom (2012d), Weakley et al (2011), orthographic variant; = Osmanthus americana (Linnaeus) Bentham ex Hook. f. — GW2, S13, orthographic variant; = Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. — F, G, Meso4.1, RAB, Va, WH3; = Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. var. americanus — C, K1, Hardin (1974)]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The very hard, tough, and \"unsplittable\" wood is the inspiration for the common name \"Devilwood\". The flowers are notably fragrant, often attracting abundant pollinators."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Cartema americanum is a conspicuous element of sandy Coastal Plain forests of the South Atlantic, east Gulf Coastal Plain, and Florida peninsula, readily recognizable by the flattened twigs characteristic of the family, and the opposite (or typically, actually subopposite), glossy, oblanceolate to obovate, evergreen leaves. See also Cartrema floridanum , within its Florida peninsula distribution."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":6},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"name change"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,ga_cp,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"4","Attr19":"gr,wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_ga_cp:y,","Attr4":" 3-6","Attr5":"s,t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"sim"}},{"field":"fruit_season_begin","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"August"},{"field":"fruit_season_end","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"October"},{"field":"bloom_season","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5137,"source_table":"Organism","value":"April to May"}],"values":{"bloom_season":"April to May","botanical_comments":"The very hard, tough, and \"unsplittable\" wood is the inspiration for the common name \"Devilwood\". 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Osmanthus americanus","source_sha256":"a389d214f05a7c711d8f26fbb0c1e27d5dc38497f9e990c2024b46520a241cc7","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=OSAM","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:8b59c827-b358-5aa8-a5e6-18d76a130db2","value":["Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cartrema americanum","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:9d4975397eeb573c93f7aa6df516d357cbc13831eb7af529fcf64be66ee7b082","retrieved_at":"2026-10-05T20:04:17.848169+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Osmanthus americanus","source_sha256":"a389d214f05a7c711d8f26fbb0c1e27d5dc38497f9e990c2024b46520a241cc7","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=OSAM","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:8b59c827-b358-5aa8-a5e6-18d76a130db2","value":["Part Shade"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["White"],"height_description":"Up to about 45 feet","leaf_habit":["Evergreen"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Part Shade"],"moisture_categories":["Moist"]}}},"light_range":["deep shade","full sun"],"light_source":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Cartrema americanum","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=3090"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Cartrema americanum","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S1","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Cartrema americanum","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Osmanthus americanus","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_florida","text":"Se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana (Florida parishes); also extenisevly distributed in Mexico (18 states).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana (Florida parishes); also extenisevly distributed in Mexico (18 states).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Se. Virginia south to c. peninsular Florida, west to e. Louisiana (Florida parishes); also extenisevly distributed in Mexico (18 states).","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Cartrema americanum","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"Native field of the Northern Tier edition; the state is in its distribution","claim":"native","record_id":5137,"scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Cartrema americana","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.149806/Cartrema_americana"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_heritage","explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value. 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