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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.5272952853598015,"birds":0.9013647642679901,"caterpillars":0.9975186104218362,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":1},"rank_pct":0.804,"raw":{"bees":1,"birds":8,"caterpillars":311,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Tree"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_supported","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Virginia host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Virginia percentile","score":74,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":"S1"},"source_ids":["lep_va","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:1d24888360cbc751c8f15a5db2091bb819af8ea69eebebf6fbd0845d77101395","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:670c411bad73d14b71ae10eb6fbe60653d32fba3bda6fc4635e8d95daf521cbe","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_supported"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["51019","51059","51069","51071","51113","51139","51165","51171","51191","51680"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["51019","51059","51069","51071","51113","51139","51165","51171","51191","51680"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"state_source","native_decided_by":"va_heritage","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","flag":"N","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","scope":"VA","source":"va_atlas","url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=353"},{"basis":"exact taxon in the state heritage program list of native plants","claim":"native","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","scope":"VA","source":"va_heritage","srank":"S1","url":"https://dcr.am.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/plantlist-current.pdf"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"basis":"native range text in the regional flora","claim":"native","scope":"DC-DE-IL-IN-KY-MD-NJ-NY-OH-PA-VA-WV","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Nova Scotia to s. Québec, south to s. New Jersey and Maryland, more or less disjunct in n. Virginia, s. Ontario, n. Ohio, and n. Indiana.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Nova Scotia to s. Québec, south to s. New Jersey and Maryland, more or less disjunct in n. Virginia, s. Ontario, n. Ohio, and n. Indiana.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.150177/Betula_populifolia"}],"native_explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","native_provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"native_status":"native_supported","package_native_status":"native_supported","source_ids":["va_atlas:VA:353"],"source_name":"Betula populifolia","source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=353","state_rank":"S1"},"source_refs":["gbif_specimens","natureserve_explorer","va_atlas","va_heritage"],"source_url":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=353","state_rank":{"value":"S1"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":[3.5,6.5]},"fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:1d24888360cbc751c8f15a5db2091bb819af8ea69eebebf6fbd0845d77101395","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:670c411bad73d14b71ae10eb6fbe60653d32fba3bda6fc4635e8d95daf521cbe","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-2","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["45045","51019","51059","51069","51071","51113","51139","51165","51171","51191","51680"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":[3.5,6.5]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","moisture":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Betula populifolia","rank":"S1","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=353","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=353"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":74,"state":"VA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"conservation_caution","default_excluded":true,"label":"Rare or protected plant","message":"Specialist conservation planting; excluded from routine garden suggestions.","records":[{"name":"Betula populifolia","rank":"S1","source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=353","state":"VA"}],"source":"https://vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=plant&plant=353"}],"review_status":"reviewed","suggestions_excluded":true},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_primary_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Betula populifolia","review_decision":{"reason":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","sources":["betula-populifolia--usda"],"status":"source_recorded","value":"brown"},"review_note":"Single consistent flower-color category across the main reference sources; normalization of existing observations, not a fresh anatomical verification.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": \"Brown\"}","retrieved":"2026-09-24","sha256":null,"source_record_id":70029,"title":"USDA PLANTS","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","values":{"primary_flower_color":"brown"}},"eol_usda":{"archive_doi":"10.5281/zenodo.22129810","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","retrieved":"2026-09-30","scope":"Nationwide approximate species characteristics; tolerance categories do not specify sun hours or moisture requirements","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"USDA PLANTS via EOL TraitBank","source_sha256":"04bb6a5292502ddc757bb909f4151de4b9aaea042223dfb486ffe2a94a2564db","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BEPO","trait_evidence":[{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1149362","field":"drought_tolerance","method":"Compares the relative tolerance of the plant to drought conditions to other species with the same growth habit from the same geographical region. Drought tolerance is defined here in the following fashion: Imagine that in an acre of land there are low areas that have heavy soil and tend to accumulate more soil moisture, and higher areas that have coarse textured soil and tend to accumulate less soil moisture. Some plant species are most frequently found growing in the higher areas with the coarse soil texture. These plant species are considered to be more drought tolerant than the species that are frequently found in the low areas with fine textured soil.","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BEPO","trait_id":"R133-PK288755462","trait_label":"drought tolerance","value":"medium (normal)"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1149362","field":"moisture_use","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BEPO","trait_id":"R133-PK288767223","trait_label":"moisture use","value":"low"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/1149362","field":"shade_tolerance","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=BEPO","trait_id":"R133-PK288786755","trait_label":"shade tolerance","value":"medium (normal)"}],"values":{"drought_tolerance":"medium (normal)","moisture_use":"low","shade_tolerance":"medium (normal)"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Betula populifolia","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), Carolinas & Georgia edition","source_name":"Betula populifolia","source_record_id":3399,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3399,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Woods, thickets, in VA native in old fields and young forests in the Big Meadows area on greenstone (Madison & Page counties, VA), disturbed areas."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3399,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Nova Scotia to s. Québec, south to s. New Jersey and Maryland, more or less disjunct in n. Virginia, s. Ontario, n. Ohio, and n. 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Québec, south to s. New Jersey and Maryland, more or less disjunct in n. Virginia, s. Ontario, n. Ohio, and n. 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Québec, south to s. New Jersey and Maryland, more or less disjunct in n. Virginia, s. Ontario, n. Ohio, and n. Indiana.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"native range text names Virginia","claim":"native","scope":"VA","source":"floraquest_northern_tier","text":"Nova Scotia to s. Québec, south to s. New Jersey and Maryland, more or less disjunct in n. Virginia, s. Ontario, n. Ohio, and n. Indiana.","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"species account without the alien asterisk","claim":"native_distribution","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","scope":"AL-AR-DC-DE-FL-GA-KY-LA-MD-MS-NC-NJ-PA-SC-TN-VA-WV","source":"weakley_fsus","url":"https://fsus.ncbg.unc.edu/"},{"basis":"NatureServe subnational native or exotic flag for this state","claim":"native","matched_name":"Betula populifolia","scope":"VA","source":"natureserve_explorer","srank":"S1","url":"https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.150177/Betula_populifolia"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","decided_by":"va_heritage","explanation":"Virginia DCR Natural Heritage rare plant list (government agency, state claim) gives the value.","label":"Native to Virginia (state-specific source)","provenance":{"flags":[],"source":"va_heritage","specificity":"state","tier":"government"},"rule":"fact-hierarchy-2","status":"native_supported"},"source_name":"Betula populifolia","taxon_id":"taxon:d5119920-2df8-55b3-b073-122451e4baf3","revision":"publish:cdb975f5-333c-4482-92bd-514ef43ee9c3","photos":[{"id":"inat-421420143","src":"/api/photos/image/1fd7470e70760466572d304768a704486e8a9ea69335eacc74985c72be1a38d9.jpg","view":"bark","alt":"Betula populifolia — bark photograph","width":333,"height":500,"artist":"(c) Kristof Zyskowski, some rights reserved (CC BY)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/421420143","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.","kind":"photo"}]}