{"assessment":{"band":"Not native","fit_score":null,"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Reported non-native to South Carolina.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":null,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"state_rank":""},"status":"not_native","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:7cb88b4e9e3f3ffabfe8f6187076a4f432aa548ac4301c8205742a8ef6b2be8b","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:2a7b4ad31f1734fdd655fb440ae4cfa8169eb6da01b031a46de32e628ff79d87","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Forb/herb"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45015","45017","45075"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45015","45017","45075"],"growth_habit":"forb","growth_habit_source":"tnky_atlas","invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Viola tricolor","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1870"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Viola tricolor","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["sernec:49948"],"source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_refs":["SC-checklist-7.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-7.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Not native","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:7cb88b4e9e3f3ffabfe8f6187076a4f432aa548ac4301c8205742a8ef6b2be8b","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:2a7b4ad31f1734fdd655fb440ae4cfa8169eb6da01b031a46de32e628ff79d87","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["21015","21067","21111","21195","45015","45017","45075","47031","47037","47041","47051","47065","47089","47103","47119","47127","47141","47143","47149","47159","47189"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":null,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Viola tricolor","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_record_id":3632,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Lawns, garden borders, railroad rights-of-way, commonly cultivated."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of Europe."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Chasmogamous flower Mar-Aug (-Oct); chasmogamous fruit Apr-Aug (-Sep)."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, F, Fl2, G, Il, K1, K4, Mo3, NE, NS, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tat, WH3, Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino (2023), Haines (2001); = n/a; > Viola tricolor L. ssp. tricolor — Can; > Viola tricolor L. var. tricolor — FNA6]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Apparently hybridizes rarely with V. arvensis (Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino 2023)."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"Organism","value":"This species is similar to the other two widely distributed pansies in our region, introduced V. arvensis and native V. rafinesquei . It differs from V. arvensis in the palmatifid stipules, petals well surpassing the sepals, and the upper petals commonly purple-black or occasionally the whole corolla purple. It differs further from V. rafinesquei in the common presence of basal leaves, stipules with the terminal leaf-like lobe much larger and with 4 or more crenations per side, leaf blade much longer than broad and with 4 or more teeth per side, and corolla commonly cream with upper petals purple-black or occasionally with all purple petals. It is most similar to the barely escaped garden pansy, V. ×wittrockiana , distinguished most obviously by its consistently smaller and usually less dramatically colorful flowers and narrower leaves."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"Organism","value":8},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3632,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"wh,ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_mt:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 2-9","Attr5":"er,pr","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"l","Attr9":"in"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Apparently hybridizes rarely with V. arvensis (Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino 2023).","geographic_range_description":"Native of Europe.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"wh,ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_mt:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 2-9","Attr5":"er,pr","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"l","Attr9":"in"},"habitat_description":"Lawns, garden borders, railroad rights-of-way, commonly cultivated.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":8,"identification_notes":"This species is similar to the other two widely distributed pansies in our region, introduced V. arvensis and native V. rafinesquei . It differs from V. arvensis in the palmatifid stipules, petals well surpassing the sepals, and the upper petals commonly purple-black or occasionally the whole corolla purple. It differs further from V. rafinesquei in the common presence of basal leaves, stipules with the terminal leaf-like lobe much larger and with 4 or more crenations per side, leaf blade much longer than broad and with 4 or more teeth per side, and corolla commonly cream with upper petals purple-black or occasionally with all purple petals. It is most similar to the barely escaped garden pansy, V. ×wittrockiana , distinguished most obviously by its consistently smaller and usually less dramatically colorful flowers and narrower leaves.","phenology_source_text":"Chasmogamous flower Mar-Aug (-Oct); chasmogamous fruit Apr-Aug (-Sep).","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, F, Fl2, G, Il, K1, K4, Mo3, NE, NS, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tat, WH3, Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino (2023), Haines (2001); = n/a; > Viola tricolor L. ssp. tricolor — Can; > Viola tricolor L. var. tricolor — FNA6]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Viola tricolor","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:1c74239368888e254e44e94a5f98daf64d0633f0f1418e6f427497d97dddb32e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":["Blue","Cream/Tan","Gold/Yellow","Orange","Purple/Lavender","Variegated","White"]},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:38e7e933da0873869a562c25757fc64697191ed8d6d35cc9bc6ffac24cd90f8b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":["Moist"]},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:526668d5473540ac3adb3d06fd191cb7bf4c6bbb172c5f166318367301d87aab","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":["Annual","Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:aedd0814e89f7611fb738e7eb086bd92f7e43392a9b518d4b3f2b032dc13f125","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":{"max":1,"min":0.25,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:cd0314b7da5f5b7130a5cc31435d3173216591857260ae7d932cc8803a8a71b8","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:dbafbe519574c922b16bc9c3c687e47617adba50a1cffd698f68a3e60f230c09","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":["2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:e38147cc30751731d0764e3c7ac7eb29e04f6fefed41475cfc6351851ca89759","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:ec701cbc1efac4879de4a2c48ff83aec37780b189c4e45413864727f1884fb2f","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":{"max":0.8333,"min":0.25,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Viola tricolor","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:ee41c76c9da965085360f80be006b8e6771c11ab7c30471aa067b3f0db145eb7","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:48:14.417804+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Viola tricolor","source_sha256":"6e9fbc327cd7200daa3eefe2f4adb2c8a1f113c8420b17af2eeeed7b6d8ffa81","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/viola-tricolor/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Blue","Cream/Tan","Gold/Yellow","Orange","Purple/Lavender","Variegated","White"],"hardiness_zones":["2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_description":"0.25–0.8333 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Annual","Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"0.25–1 feet"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Viola tricolor","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1870"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Viola tricolor","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to South Carolina","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Viola tricolor","taxon_id":"taxon:ae7a387a-9dd6-5188-a99e-ba1552cddf3a","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"inat-11654351","src":"/api/photos/image/53cfcebb1b71057c8f448b2353d13127624b99ba8275aa470434a36bf8a265b2.jpeg","view":"bloom","alt":"Viola tricolor — flower photograph","width":500,"height":443,"artist":"(c) Kostas Zontanos, some rights reserved (CC BY)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/11654351","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}