{"assessment":{"band":"Strong","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Viola primulifolia"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established South Carolina range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":0,"baseline_score":77,"composite":0.845,"insect_support":{"credit":0,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.8746898263027295,"birds":0.9013647642679901,"caterpillars":0.8815136476426799,"specialists":0.890818858560794,"structure":0.5},"rank_pct":0.839,"raw":{"bees":16,"birds":8,"caterpillars":24,"genus_used":["Viola","not"],"specialists":1,"structure":["Forb/herb"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using South Carolina host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":77,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":""},"source_ids":["lep_sc","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:0a8e01ebf8db06d793ae79b47d8a5fa6e77e7d0e4d39e27da2219be54a207227","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:689684427566ac5ccbef96df6ccbffca83baea76d434b4c9740d6482b422fcbe","levels":[3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Forb/herb"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_inferred"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45003","45007","45009","45011","45015","45017","45019","45021","45025","45027","45029","45031","45033","45035","45041","45043","45049","45051","45053","45057","45061","45063","45067","45069","45073","45075","45077","45079","45081","45083","45085","45089"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45003","45007","45009","45011","45015","45017","45019","45021","45025","45027","45029","45031","45033","45035","45041","45043","45049","45051","45053","45057","45061","45063","45067","45069","45073","45075","45077","45079","45081","45083","45085","45089"],"growth_habit":"forb","growth_habit_source":"tnky_atlas","invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/2493"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["sernec:105159"],"source_name":"Viola primulifolia","source_refs":["SC-checklist-7.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-7.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[3,4],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 74 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:0a8e01ebf8db06d793ae79b47d8a5fa6e77e7d0e4d39e27da2219be54a207227","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:689684427566ac5ccbef96df6ccbffca83baea76d434b4c9740d6482b422fcbe","levels":[3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["21121","21125","21137","21147","21173","21195","21199","21205","21235","37005","37009","37013","37015","37017","37019","37023","37025","37027","37031","37037","37039","37041","37043","37045","37047","37049","37051","37053","37057","37061","37063","37069","37071","37073","37077","37079","37081","37083","37085","37087","37089","37091","37093","37095","37097","37099","37101","37103","37105","37107","37109","37111","37113","37117","37125","37127","37129","37131","37133","37135","37137","37139","37141","37147","37151","37153","37155","37157","37159","37161","37163","37165","37167","37171","37173","37175","37181","37183","37187","37191","37193","37195","37199","45003","45007","45009","45011","45015","45017","45019","45021","45025","45027","45029","45031","45033","45035","45041","45043","45049","45051","45053","45057","45061","45063","45067","45069","45073","45075","45077","45079","45081","45083","45085","45089","47007","47017","47031","47035","47037","47049","47051","47061","47065","47091","47109","47115","47127","47139","47141","47145","47149","47151","47153","47171","47175","47177","47185"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[3,4],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 74 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":77,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Viola primulifolia","source_record_id":3620,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Bogs, wet savannas, pocosins, sandhill streamhead ecotones, moist organic soils along small streams."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) to Ontario, south to s. Florida, and west to Texas and se. Oklahoma."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Chasmogamous flower Dec-Jun; chasmogamous fruit Jan-Jun; cleistogamous"},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, Fl2, GW2, Il, K4, NE, NS, Pa, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WH3, WV, Ballard () (in prep), Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino (2023), Haines (2001), McKinney & Russell (2002); = Viola ×primulifolia L. (pro sp.) — K1; = Viola primulifolia L. var. primulifolia — FNA6, POWO; > Viola primulifolia L. var. acuta (Bigelow) Torr. & A.Gray — F; > Viola primulifolia L. var. primulifolia — F, G; > Viola primulifolia L. var. villosa Eaton — F, G]"},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"Organism","value":"This species is sufficiently distinct in leaf morphology that it is likely to be confused only with two other long-leaved species in subsect. Stolonosae . It differs most obviously from V. lanceolata and V. vittata , with which it occasionally grows and hybridizes, in its proportionally and physically broader leaf blades with broadly cuneate to shallowly cordate base. Its foliage is occasionally hirtellous, especially in populations in the middle and southern portions of its range, providing an additional difference from V. lanceolata , and produces leafy summer stolons with cleistogamous capsules, differing further from V. vittata . It might be mistaken for V. blanda , but its leaves are erect, the basal lobes on plants with subcordate or shallowly cordate leaf blades are extremely short and divergent, pubescence (if present) is not confined to the upper surface of the leaf blades, and the unspotted cleistogamous capsule sits on a tall erect peduncle."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"Organism","value":5},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3620,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 11-7","Attr5":"ac","Attr6":"ns","Attr7":"ba","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,nr"}}],"values":{"geographic_range_description":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) to Ontario, south to s. Florida, and west to Texas and se. Oklahoma.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSS","Attr2":"Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 11-7","Attr5":"ac","Attr6":"ns","Attr7":"ba","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,nr"},"habitat_description":"Bogs, wet savannas, pocosins, sandhill streamhead ecotones, moist organic soils along small streams.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":5,"identification_notes":"This species is sufficiently distinct in leaf morphology that it is likely to be confused only with two other long-leaved species in subsect. Stolonosae . It differs most obviously from V. lanceolata and V. vittata , with which it occasionally grows and hybridizes, in its proportionally and physically broader leaf blades with broadly cuneate to shallowly cordate base. Its foliage is occasionally hirtellous, especially in populations in the middle and southern portions of its range, providing an additional difference from V. lanceolata , and produces leafy summer stolons with cleistogamous capsules, differing further from V. vittata . It might be mistaken for V. blanda , but its leaves are erect, the basal lobes on plants with subcordate or shallowly cordate leaf blades are extremely short and divergent, pubescence (if present) is not confined to the upper surface of the leaf blades, and the unspotted cleistogamous capsule sits on a tall erect peduncle.","phenology_source_text":"Chasmogamous flower Dec-Jun; chasmogamous fruit Jan-Jun; cleistogamous","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, Fl2, GW2, Il, K4, NE, NS, Pa, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WH3, WV, Ballard () (in prep), Ballard, Kartesz, & Nishino (2023), Haines (2001), McKinney & Russell (2002); = Viola ×primulifolia L. (pro sp.) — K1; = Viola primulifolia L. var. primulifolia — FNA6, POWO; > Viola primulifolia L. var. acuta (Bigelow) Torr. & A.Gray — F; > Viola primulifolia L. var. primulifolia — F, G; > Viola primulifolia L. var. villosa Eaton — F, G]"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","retrieved":"2026-10-03T22:43:02.199586+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"54ed7e7f1f85d050d350c4c92f288669298c8e4ae41e149342b585bbfa8a7ad4","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/primrose-leaved-violet","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Viola primulifolia","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:9a8e1c006c563e4403300ee7d8371f4a61ab64ffc1ef701a76dcbf0c3765cbe2","retrieved_at":"2026-10-03T22:43:02.199586+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Viola primulifolia","source_sha256":"54ed7e7f1f85d050d350c4c92f288669298c8e4ae41e149342b585bbfa8a7ad4","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/primrose-leaved-violet","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:be013bf0-3ac4-5f05-a87d-4cbb4ed0cfca","value":{"max":0.5,"min":0.16666666666666666,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Viola primulifolia","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:cdcca35f8f6a3957ccf06b75869688d224011f5fe6c312703ebd6be74f1b1e6b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-03T22:43:02.199586+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Viola primulifolia","source_sha256":"54ed7e7f1f85d050d350c4c92f288669298c8e4ae41e149342b585bbfa8a7ad4","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/primrose-leaved-violet","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:be013bf0-3ac4-5f05-a87d-4cbb4ed0cfca","value":["perennial"]}],"values":{"height_description":"0.166667–0.5 feet","life_cycle":["perennial"]}}},"light_range":["deep shade","full sun"],"light_source":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/2493"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Viola primulifolia","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Viola primulifolia","taxon_id":"taxon:be013bf0-3ac4-5f05-a87d-4cbb4ed0cfca","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"inat-123901414","src":"/api/photos/image/ab212c81f78f07bd01881bfe31dead96910d45ff932d0c6af0afbf11dd8efda7.jpeg","view":"bloom","alt":"Viola primulifolia — bloom photograph","width":375,"height":500,"artist":"(c) Tom Field, some rights reserved (CC BY)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/123901414","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}