{"assessment":{"band":"Strong","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Ulmus americana"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established South Carolina range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":0,"baseline_score":76,"composite":0.827,"insect_support":{"credit":0,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.6681141439205955,"birds":0.8511166253101737,"caterpillars":0.9851116625310173,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":1},"rank_pct":0.824,"raw":{"bees":4,"birds":5,"caterpillars":157,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Tree"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using South Carolina host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":76,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":""},"source_ids":["lep_sc","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:f08cb6a8991c18cc0bc29d947e52fcd53ac336335c4412e34902eb81e7637ffc","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:70074b45eb47cf37c2cacb9fb45a1fafbf9846d15eadf2e50bb1417df688e83b","levels":[0,1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Tree"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_inferred"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45001","45003","45009","45015","45021","45031","45033","45035","45043","45049","45051","45057","45065","45071","45075","45079","45091"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45001","45003","45009","45015","45021","45031","45033","45035","45043","45049","45051","45057","45065","45071","45075","45079","45091"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"usda_l48_and_nc_flora_without_atlas_flag","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Ulmus americana","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Ulmus americana","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["sernec:34349"],"source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_refs":["SC-checklist-7.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-7.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=7&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":[5,8]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 49 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:f08cb6a8991c18cc0bc29d947e52fcd53ac336335c4412e34902eb81e7637ffc","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:70074b45eb47cf37c2cacb9fb45a1fafbf9846d15eadf2e50bb1417df688e83b","levels":[0,1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13009","13015","13017","13031","13033","13035","13037","13051","13059","13087","13103","13129","13133","13145","13151","13163","13207","13211","13259","13271","13295","21009","21013","21023","21029","21037","21043","21059","21067","21071","21083","21087","21101","21103","21111","21113","21117","21119","21121","21125","21135","21143","21147","21151","21165","21183","21185","21191","21195","21197","21205","21211","21221","21227","21239","37001","37013","37015","37017","37019","37025","37031","37033","37035","37037","37047","37049","37051","37053","37055","37057","37059","37061","37063","37065","37067","37081","37083","37085","37091","37103","37105","37117","37119","37125","37127","37129","37131","37133","37135","37137","37139","37141","37147","37149","37151","37155","37157","37159","37167","37173","37177","37183","37195","45001","45003","45009","45015","45021","45031","45033","45035","45043","45049","45051","45057","45065","45071","45075","45079","45091","47019","47065","47073","47075","47109","47157","47163","47167","47171"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":[5,8]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 49 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":76,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Ulmus americana","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:41:45.623279+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"dfbbf27971f83fbdc1aa1f34c4e6ff6ef931799489c74e28bcb582c1bb559e8c","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/american-elm","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:b54711357c793690d836185e8ce5583919834f06e04b5920ffbe8863486cab58","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:45.623279+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"dfbbf27971f83fbdc1aa1f34c4e6ff6ef931799489c74e28bcb582c1bb559e8c","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/american-elm","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":{"max":125,"min":60,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:e8fff3c4341a1359aa814f9039b0f1b236eca23f7f610a6803bcdc6992f34376","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:45.623279+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"dfbbf27971f83fbdc1aa1f34c4e6ff6ef931799489c74e28bcb582c1bb559e8c","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/american-elm","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["perennial woody"]}],"values":{"height_description":"60–125 feet","life_cycle":["perennial woody"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Ulmus americana","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:07715a01053ec4b42ef135a065a4f9cda52fad8cb4a0bcf05cc03ea149ef3630","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["Green","Red/Burgundy"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:1319e3198bb43f623ca7a07656d632898ae40a87e56d7164095ce5315d2ae84f","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":{"max":60,"min":30,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:2051ccfcb458b7ac62af299a354870ed230cdc712fcd359666e19e053afd83ba","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":{"max":80,"min":60,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:4abadf3e128f525be911f56b28e2174ffa87043cd30a5fc3f93e9ca30245a3df","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:7211c43d9bea00db7c39614f5079149461cc4fd5ae8b233d9d139925bbd7125e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet","Very Dry"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:7b42ba8f62829bfd26176003f586e271c36fa7e99e5a8b5b4da195a6832dcd2e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["Perennial","Woody"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:8f8f255bf67e53e3fa568da4842400d3a3f328a3b57c08511c7e636e15a50319","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:96e4533067e3723ad34a0e99f32c0800fe8f2c5a4e7b4526db930e6bd353f59a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Ulmus americana","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:c97f2c06da09eb3cca8d4b5fd1db539ef7b828cbfa033febf27cda6dd398c74e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:47:22.868851+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Ulmus americana","source_sha256":"1220837eb8b938bc845a6704abdcf9ac5a7d7c576957d71a0652c132b3b3a525","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ulmus-americana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","value":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Green","Red/Burgundy"],"hardiness_zones":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_description":"60–80 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Perennial","Woody"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet","Very Dry"],"soil_ph_categories":["Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"30–60 feet"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Ulmus americana","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":70987,"values":{"bloom_season":"Early Spring","flower_color":"Green","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Spring","fruit_season_end":"Spring","growth_architecture":"Single Stem","growth_rate":"Rapid","height_ft":120,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Ulmus americana","modified":"2017-01-20T16:54:59+00:00","page_id":"11021","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/trees/scientific-name/american-elm-white-elm/","values":{"light":["Full to part sun"],"moisture_categories":["moderately wet to moderately dry"]}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Ulmus americana","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Ulmus americana","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Ulmus americana","taxon_id":"taxon:524dc8ad-841f-5632-9f8e-4c5f19a2d88c","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"recovery-pmc-ulmus-americana-206b","src":"/api/photos/image/bca47dd0813e0cf7a8405112bafcd38c8e7fd263bba917bf65b602d77529b588.jpg","view":"leaf","alt":"Ulmus americana — leaf photograph","width":763,"height":566,"artist":"Nathan Howell; Howell, Krings and Braham (2016)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4911545/#F2417093","changes":"Original published individual photograph panel; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding"}]}