{"assessment":{"band":"Severe harm","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":"https://ncwildflower.org/invasive-exotic-species-list/","invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Severe Threat","rank":1,"scientific_name":"Triadica sebifera","state":"SC","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/southcarolina/SCEPPC_LIST2014finalOct.xlsx"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in South Carolina; do not plant. Uses the shared species harm profile established from NC evidence; not a state agency severity rating.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":-55,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"2","native":false,"state_rank":""},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Existing shared species harm profile from NC source","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:875a063f79787c9c620fb9d55b3ea591fc53239d9c02ffd1df4986b5b1d8a632","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:775719cecef4f5ebb97109f159c1a81919f0ef78416eac84805a100df4cf8269","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45013","45015","45019","45029","45043","45051","45053"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45013","45015","45019","45029","45043","45051","45053"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"Severe Threat","rank":1,"scientific_name":"Triadica sebifera","state":"SC","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/southcarolina/SCEPPC_LIST2014finalOct.xlsx"}],"invasive_rank":1,"native":false,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Triadica sebifera","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"SC","source":"sc_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/southcarolina/SCEPPC_LIST2014finalOct.xlsx"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"SC","source":"sc_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/southcarolina/SCEPPC_LIST2014finalOct.xlsx"}],"native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["sernec:34177","sernec:57527"],"source_name":"Sapium sebiferum","source_refs":["SC-checklist-4.html","sc_invasive","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=4&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-4.html","sc_invasive","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=4&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Severe harm","condition_evidence":{"light":{"broad_range_note":{"review_status":"source_recorded","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","text":"Selected source categories span deep shade to full sun; broad tolerance is source-recorded, not independently verified."},"evidence_id":"fact:875a063f79787c9c620fb9d55b3ea591fc53239d9c02ffd1df4986b5b1d8a632","levels":[0,1,2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:775719cecef4f5ebb97109f159c1a81919f0ef78416eac84805a100df4cf8269","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13049","13051","13275","21067","45013","45015","45019","45029","45043","45051","45053","47125","47157"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. 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Triadica sebifera has become a serious invasive weed from se. NC south and west to se. TX (Vogt et al. 2021). Reported for King and Queen County, VA (DeBerry & Hunter 2018), and McCurtain County, OK (Buthod, Hoagland, & Arbour 2019) showing its continued spread."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3535,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of e. 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Roxb. — Fl2, GW2, NcTx, RAB, S13, Tx, WH3]"},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3535,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3535,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3535,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3535,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl9","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"nd,rad","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"gr,nd,ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"geographic_range_description":"Native of e. 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Reported for King and Queen County, VA (DeBerry & Hunter 2018), and McCurtain County, OK (Buthod, Hoagland, & Arbour 2019) showing its continued spread.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"phenology_source_text":"May-Jun; Aug-Nov.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, FNA12, K1, K4, NS, POWO, S, Esser (2002), Govaerts, Frodin, & Radcliffe-Smith (2000), Kruijt (1996); = n/a — C; = Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. — Fl2, GW2, NcTx, RAB, S13, Tx, WH3]"}},"forest_service":{"identity_basis":"Exact existing catalog or state-source name","matched_name":"Triadica sebifera","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:43:32.133850+00:00","scope":"Source botanical description; original units and scope retained","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"Fire Effects Information System: Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"ceca8b296c4987285ab4db80be8f2c4e3fa3fcfd85bedaf90a47f14fca1e54cd","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/triseb","trait_evidence":[{"catalog_id":"nc:triadica-sebifera","field":"height_description","height_description":"It typically grows from 24 to 35 feet (7-11 m) tall [125,210], but individuals up to 65 feet (20 m) tall and over 3 feet (1 m) in diameter have been reported [69].","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Triadica sebifera","paragraph_sha256":"7c96fef0b47014ae97b15ae4f1386a907db9fd8f0210255d1e92829090840e09","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:43:32.133850+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Chinese tallow is a quick-growing, deciduous tree capable of root and basal sprouting [52,63,67,112,126,170]. It typically grows from 24 to 35 feet (7-11 m) tall [125,210], but individuals up to 65 feet (20 m) tall and over 3 feet (1 m) in diameter have been reported [69]. Chinese tallow leaves are alternate, simple, and typically oval to round [112,113], but they may also be rhombic [112]. They range from 1.4 to 3.3 inches (3.5-8.5 cm) long and from 1.4 to 3.5 inches (3.5-9.0 cm) wide [112,145]. The length of petioles ranges from 0.6 to 3.5 inches (1.5-9.0 cm) [112]. Sharma and others [174] found a maximum leaf area of 2.7 inches² (SD 0.2) (17.36 cm² (SD 1.23)) and mature leaf moisture content of 66.3% (SD 1.3) before leaf fall. Trunks may be gnarled [112] with fissured bark [126] that thickens as the tree grows [67]. Tiny, imperfect flowers occur in terminal spikes 2.4 to 7.9 inches (6-20 cm) long, with fascicles of up to 5 pistillate flowers near the base and fascicles of up to 15 staminate flowers along the spike [52,62,63,112,126,145]. Fruits are capsules about 9.5 to 19 mm in diameter [112,126]. They contain 3 wax-coated seeds about 6 to 10 mm long and 4.3 to 6.1 mm wide [112,126].","source_section":"Triadica sebifera, Chinese tallow / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"ceca8b296c4987285ab4db80be8f2c4e3fa3fcfd85bedaf90a47f14fca1e54cd","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Triadica sebifera","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/triseb"}],"values":{"height_description":"It typically grows from 24 to 35 feet (7-11 m) tall [125,210], but individuals up to 65 feet (20 m) tall and over 3 feet (1 m) in diameter have been reported [69]."}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Triadica sebifera","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:134e4cab48f81b1850cafbb82d22bc917150ee311e4ab12b65645033812c8310","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":["Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)","Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)","Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:34c4523a59df7d05c74d63d0157ad3dedc631e568b8f0f4da9cf81ebbe064a39","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":{"max":40,"min":30,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:43daded0e291686eefc26306abf2b2653b77de4e32ab7fd844b2ff78255a6b1a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":["8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:873b5bc3ae24ea97af4fa59a9b4d4e10f03a4fbb04ca64a2087f14ba3642bd2c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":{"max":40,"min":30,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:9e4fa60b804a951dcf83572e859796d4d90103eff87d563869292077f4221b02","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:9edb1607fe79872bc74ec3871b20ea0e2cead5f319988289145e0d05ad7daa96","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":["Moist"]},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:a186573ce1f1311b57a5025de767fe32ad9ae57b0d872137bc11b99392320af9","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":["Woody"]},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:b23f495d5c2555989116bf5e41bf69d451f1c2f518c0f9e78f07af0156bd16d6","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":["Gold/Yellow","Green"]},{"expected_source_name":"Triadica sebifera","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:bf39709bfd5e05b049421a222a467a1e7195a464800afc7580218d40f4ac67b2","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:46:53.115395+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Triadica sebifera","source_sha256":"3a24f5eccb4b2ee29bb94d70d472581026214c476592df670c155fb80ea028f2","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/triadica-sebifera/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","value":["Deciduous"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow","Green"],"hardiness_zones":["8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b"],"height_description":"30–40 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Woody"],"light":["Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)","Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)","Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"30–40 feet"}}},"light_range":["deep shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Triadica sebifera","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"SC","source":"sc_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/southcarolina/SCEPPC_LIST2014finalOct.xlsx"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"SC","source":"sc_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/southcarolina/SCEPPC_LIST2014finalOct.xlsx"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to South Carolina","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Sapium sebiferum","taxon_id":"taxon:224bafbb-f037-5c1e-8933-ec9ed7e46c3b","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"recovery-pmc-triadica-sebifera-144b","src":"/api/photos/image/c9b69fc3a8f63c391c6408f6a7477ccdddb65ead85a33a10bbb793ab1c5c5583.jpg","view":"whole","alt":"Triadica sebifera — whole photograph","width":744,"height":553,"artist":"Nathan Howell; Howell, Krings and Braham (2016)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4911545/#F2417075","changes":"Original published individual photograph panel; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding"}]}