{"assessment":{"band":"Keystone","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Quercus elliottii"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established South Carolina range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":0,"baseline_score":85,"composite":0.866,"insect_support":{"credit":0,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.8939205955334988,"birds":0.9758064516129032,"caterpillars":0.9987593052109182,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":0.75},"rank_pct":0.894,"raw":{"bees":19,"birds":23,"caterpillars":453,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Shrub"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using South Carolina host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":85,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":""},"source_ids":["lep_sc","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:da75a39d5b2594aa0da6c5bdec08c952a6b5eac55864deea7081cd8193290016","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:4987fbc8736e10e978ba3f0216a8ae4ad824d435369a513874815237645b941b","levels":[0,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_inferred"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45015","45043","45051","45053"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45015","45043","45051","45053"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"usda_l48_and_nc_flora_without_atlas_flag","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus pumila","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["sernec:97610"],"source_name":"Quercus pumila","source_refs":["SC-checklist-4.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=4&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-4.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=4&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":[4.6,6]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 8 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"fit_record":{"band":"Keystone","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:da75a39d5b2594aa0da6c5bdec08c952a6b5eac55864deea7081cd8193290016","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:4987fbc8736e10e978ba3f0216a8ae4ad824d435369a513874815237645b941b","levels":[0,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13027","13049","13131","13161","13275","37017","37019","37047","37061","37129","37141","37155","37179","45015","45043","45051","45053"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[0,3],"ph":[4.6,6]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 8 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":85,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_primary_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","review_decision":{"reason":"Single consistent approved flower-color category; explicit normalization of existing observation, not a fresh anatomical verification.","sources":["quercus-elliottii--usda","quercus-elliottii--wildflower_center"],"status":"reviewed","value":"yellow"},"review_note":"Single consistent approved flower-color category; explicit normalization of existing observation, not a fresh anatomical verification.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": \"Yellow\"}","retrieved":"2026-09-24","sha256":null,"source_record_id":70439,"title":"USDA PLANTS","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": [\"Yellow\"]}","retrieved":"2026-10-03T22:47:00.491836+00:00","sha256":"b97701a605d576c7c4f2f1bc687abbe01c89b68f0a16248ec396927cde870bf9","source_record_id":null,"title":"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center","url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=QUPU80"}],"review_status":"reviewed","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","values":{"primary_flower_color":"yellow"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Quercus pumila","source_record_id":3342,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Mesic pine savannas, especially on loamy soils in the Middle Coastal Plain, pine rocklands."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Se. North Carolina south to s. Florida and west to s. Mississippi."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Mar-Apr; Sep (of the first year)."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Chap, Fl2, FNA3, K1, NS, POWO, RAB, S, S13, WH3, Hunt (1990), Ward (2007d); = Quercus elliottii Wilbur — K4, Wilbur & Ho (2008), Wilbur (2002b), superfluous name]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Wilbur (2002b) and Wilbur & Ho (2008) discussed reasons for rejecting the traditional use of Q. pumila for this species; Walter's diagnosis stated that Q. pumila has leaves that are glaucous below, in Wilbur's opinion ruling out application to this species. Ward (2007d) disagreed and defended the traditional usage, based on the idea that the densely gray-puberulent undersurface of this species' leaves can be interpreted as 'glaucous' and that \"further, Wilbur's dismissal of Q. pumila leaves Walter's work without a name for the Running Oak, a plant he could not help but have known in the dry oak-pine habitat adjacent to his Santee River home\". We agree with Ward, and that Wilbur's argument relies too much on intent and too fine and 'textualist' reading of Walter's short description."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Distinguished from Quercus minima by its entire leaf margins. In frequent fire situations (its characteristic habitat), Quercus pumila is strongly clonal via a stoloniferous \"runner\", never treelike; leaves never lobed, even on fire sprouts, though fire sprout leaves can be larger (to 15 cm long and 5 cm wide). It can be very difficult to tell from fire sprouts or seedlings of Q. incana , best separated by leaf pubescence (white in Q. pumila , gray in Q. incana ), margin (slightly revolute in Q. pumila , flat in Q. incana ), leaf vernation (rolled in Q. pumila , planate in Q. incana ), and acorn maturation (1 year in Q. pumila , with acorns often on small plants, 2 years in Q. incana , with small plants rarely producing acorns)."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3342,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,ga_cp,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt,to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n,stel","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_ga_cp:y,","Attr4":" 2-5","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Wilbur (2002b) and Wilbur & Ho (2008) discussed reasons for rejecting the traditional use of Q. pumila for this species; Walter's diagnosis stated that Q. pumila has leaves that are glaucous below, in Wilbur's opinion ruling out application to this species. Ward (2007d) disagreed and defended the traditional usage, based on the idea that the densely gray-puberulent undersurface of this species' leaves can be interpreted as 'glaucous' and that \"further, Wilbur's dismissal of Q. pumila leaves Walter's work without a name for the Running Oak, a plant he could not help but have known in the dry oak-pine habitat adjacent to his Santee River home\". We agree with Ward, and that Wilbur's argument relies too much on intent and too fine and 'textualist' reading of Walter's short description.","geographic_range_description":"Se. North Carolina south to s. Florida and west to s. Mississippi.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,sc_cp,ga_cp,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt,to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n,stel","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_ga_cp:y,","Attr4":" 2-5","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Mesic pine savannas, especially on loamy soils in the Middle Coastal Plain, pine rocklands.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":9,"identification_notes":"Distinguished from Quercus minima by its entire leaf margins. In frequent fire situations (its characteristic habitat), Quercus pumila is strongly clonal via a stoloniferous \"runner\", never treelike; leaves never lobed, even on fire sprouts, though fire sprout leaves can be larger (to 15 cm long and 5 cm wide). It can be very difficult to tell from fire sprouts or seedlings of Q. incana , best separated by leaf pubescence (white in Q. pumila , gray in Q. incana ), margin (slightly revolute in Q. pumila , flat in Q. incana ), leaf vernation (rolled in Q. pumila , planate in Q. incana ), and acorn maturation (1 year in Q. pumila , with acorns often on small plants, 2 years in Q. incana , with small plants rarely producing acorns).","phenology_source_text":"Mar-Apr; Sep (of the first year).","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Chap, Fl2, FNA3, K1, NS, POWO, RAB, S, S13, WH3, Hunt (1990), Ward (2007d); = Quercus elliottii Wilbur — K4, Wilbur & Ho (2008), Wilbur (2002b), superfluous name]"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":70439,"values":{"bloom_season":"Spring","flower_color":"Yellow","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Fall","growth_architecture":"Single Crown","growth_rate":"Slow","height_ft":3,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"wildflower_center":{"matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","retrieved":"2026-10-03T22:47:00.491836+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center","source_sha256":"b97701a605d576c7c4f2f1bc687abbe01c89b68f0a16248ec396927cde870bf9","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=QUPU80","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Quercus pumila","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:ae7e799f0071c042297abdd74591b7731d68615ef203eae31ffdc6ec1e5bd37c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-03T22:47:00.491836+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Quercus pumila","source_sha256":"b97701a605d576c7c4f2f1bc687abbe01c89b68f0a16248ec396927cde870bf9","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=QUPU80","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b6941f53-d109-541e-a712-04981a6d38b3","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Quercus pumila","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:c98a791768b468d886f3ddc48cbc44837ad78b4f7822ab66235c97b10fe29b1e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-03T22:47:00.491836+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Quercus pumila","source_sha256":"b97701a605d576c7c4f2f1bc687abbe01c89b68f0a16248ec396927cde870bf9","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=QUPU80","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b6941f53-d109-541e-a712-04981a6d38b3","value":{"approximate":true,"kind":"upper_bound","max":3,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Quercus pumila","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:caf431809d2a74f6d5c808d2d74fa7ece5f769b24caf182862705641fb2a343a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-03T22:47:00.491836+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Quercus pumila","source_sha256":"b97701a605d576c7c4f2f1bc687abbe01c89b68f0a16248ec396927cde870bf9","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=QUPU80","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b6941f53-d109-541e-a712-04981a6d38b3","value":["Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Quercus pumila","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:ecc6e1c914db17ae1fde1e777c2ea1af37840b782d57d4a3a4f11b497eb53f3e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-03T22:47:00.491836+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Quercus pumila","source_sha256":"b97701a605d576c7c4f2f1bc687abbe01c89b68f0a16248ec396927cde870bf9","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=QUPU80","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b6941f53-d109-541e-a712-04981a6d38b3","value":["Yellow"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Yellow"],"height_description":"Up to about 3 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus pumila","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Quercus elliottii","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Quercus pumila","taxon_id":"taxon:b6941f53-d109-541e-a712-04981a6d38b3","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"quercus-elliottii-29109222","src":"/api/photos/image/0eed1b6d9ff66cabab65690da4d176b25d8d839527ab858ba5c9f4254f35057b.jpg","view":"fruit","alt":"Quercus elliottii — fruit photograph","width":960,"height":640,"artist":"Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA SCS. 1991. Southern wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. South National Technical Center, Fort Worth. Courtesy of USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute.","license":"Public domain","license_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quercus_pumila_NRCS-1.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching"}]}