{"assessment":{"band":"Strong","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Persicaria hydropiperoides"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established South Carolina range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":3,"baseline_score":75,"composite":0.823,"insect_support":{"credit":3,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":1,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Disonycha limbicollis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"beetles","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Coccinella 9-notata","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"beetles","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"}],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":2,"recorded_names":["Coccinella 9-notata","Disonycha limbicollis"],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"recorded"},"flies":{"credit":1,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Archytas analis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Phormia regina","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Systoechus vulgaris","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Helicobia 4-setosa","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Tropidia quadrata","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Eristalis bastardi","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Eristalis flavipes","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Sarcophaga hunteri","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Chaetogaedia analis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"}],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":9,"recorded_names":["Archytas analis","Chaetogaedia analis","Eristalis bastardi","Eristalis flavipes","Helicobia 4-setosa","Phormia regina","Sarcophaga hunteri","Systoechus vulgaris","Tropidia quadrata"],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"recorded"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":1,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Isodontia apicalis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Polistes pallipes","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Polistes variatus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Leionotus arvensis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Philanthus punctatus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Priononyx atrata","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Pseudoplisus phaleratus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Leionotus dorsalis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Philanthus ventilabris","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Priononyx thomae","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Ammobia ichneumonea","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Anacrabro ocellatus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Astatus unicolor","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Cerceris fumipennis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Cerceris kennicottii","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Ceropales fraterna","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Eucerceris zonatus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Oxybelus 4-notatus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Tiphia clypeata","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Chrysis texana","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"},{"animal":"Poecilopompilus interruptus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Polygonum hydropiperoides"}],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":21,"recorded_names":["Ammobia ichneumonea","Anacrabro ocellatus","Astatus unicolor","Cerceris fumipennis","Cerceris kennicottii","Ceropales fraterna","Chrysis texana","Eucerceris zonatus","Isodontia apicalis","Leionotus arvensis","Leionotus dorsalis","Oxybelus 4-notatus","Philanthus punctatus","Philanthus ventilabris","Poecilopompilus interruptus","Polistes pallipes","Polistes variatus","Priononyx atrata","Priononyx thomae","Pseudoplisus phaleratus","Tiphia clypeata"],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"recorded"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. 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Small var. opelousana (Riddell ex Small) J.S.Wilson — Tx; > Persicaria opelousana (Riddell ex Small) Small — Il, S, S13; > Persicaria persicarioides (Kunth) Small — S13; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. — GW2, Tat, Mitchell & Dean (1978); > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. breviciliatum Fernald — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. bushianum Stanford — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. digitatum Fernald — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. euronotorum Fernald — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. hydropiperoides — C, F, RAB; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. opelousanum (Riddell ex Small) Riddell ex W.Stone — C, RAB; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. psilostachyum H.St.John — F; > Polygonum opelousanum Riddell — GW2, Tat, Mitchell & Dean (1978); > Polygonum opelousanum Riddell var. adenocalyx Stanford — F; > Polygonum opelousanum Riddell var. opelousanum — F]"},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4160,"source_table":"Organism","value":7},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4160,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4160,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Water","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4160,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4160,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"e","Attr13":"bil,rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"pi,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSN","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 4-12","Attr5":"er,pr","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"nr"}}],"values":{"geographic_range_description":"Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Alaska, south to Florida, Texas, and California, and into the New World tropics.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"e","Attr13":"bil,rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"pi,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSN","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 4-12","Attr5":"er,pr","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"nr"},"habitat_description":"Swamp forests, streams, ditches.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Water","Wet"],"heliophily_index":7,"phenology_source_text":"May-Nov.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, Can, FNA5, K4, Mex, Mi, Mo3, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, Tn, Va; = Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. — Bah, K1, NcTx, W, WH3, WV, Horton (1972); > Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) 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Small var. opelousana (Riddell ex Small) J.S.Wilson — Tx; > Persicaria opelousana (Riddell ex Small) Small — Il, S, S13; > Persicaria persicarioides (Kunth) Small — S13; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. — GW2, Tat, Mitchell & Dean (1978); > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. breviciliatum Fernald — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. bushianum Stanford — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. digitatum Fernald — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. euronotorum Fernald — F; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. hydropiperoides — C, F, RAB; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. opelousanum (Riddell ex Small) Riddell ex W.Stone — C, RAB; > Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. psilostachyum H.St.John — F; > Polygonum opelousanum Riddell — GW2, Tat, Mitchell & Dean (1978); > Polygonum opelousanum Riddell var. adenocalyx Stanford — F; > Polygonum opelousanum Riddell var. opelousanum — F]"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Persicaria hydropiperoides","retrieved":"2026-10-03T22:42:59.668136+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; 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State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Persicaria hydropiperoides","taxon_id":"taxon:86e018ff-83b4-54ab-b1f3-d321437a2aae","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"persicaria-hydropiperoides-4068424","src":"/api/photos/image/bbc73cac006593d1b161a97d2a7723658de4aa6da9cb8f0ab6d3ce89980b93a5.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Persicaria hydropiperoides — bloom photograph","width":750,"height":534,"artist":"Gordon Leppig & Andrea J. Pickart","license":"Public domain","license_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Persicaria_hydropiperoides_FWS-1.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching"}]}