{"assessment":{"band":"Modest","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Pachysandra procumbens"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established South Carolina range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":0,"baseline_score":13,"composite":0.357,"insect_support":{"credit":0,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.6681141439205955,"birds":0.303970223325062,"caterpillars":0.17307692307692307,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":0.5},"rank_pct":0.096,"raw":{"bees":4,"birds":0,"caterpillars":0,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Forb/herb","Subshrub"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using South Carolina host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":13,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":""},"source_ids":["lep_sc","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:f9510ab8a3d48f0d91327b32cd8f322e5d9c5a4276b8511782c40788bac03912","levels":[0,1,2,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:d635878e053af2ff379cf489b455f5184817b0133cf5d39c94511bbe0bc584b0","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Forb/herb","Subshrub"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_inferred"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45001","45077"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45001","45077"],"growth_habit":"subshrub","growth_habit_source":"tnky_atlas","invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/458"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["sernec:116404"],"source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","source_refs":["SC-checklist-2.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=2&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-2.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=2&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,3],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 2 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Modest","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:f9510ab8a3d48f0d91327b32cd8f322e5d9c5a4276b8511782c40788bac03912","levels":[0,1,2,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:d635878e053af2ff379cf489b455f5184817b0133cf5d39c94511bbe0bc584b0","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13015","21001","21003","21009","21045","21053","21057","21061","21067","21087","21099","21111","21125","21131","21137","21141","21147","21151","21169","21171","21199","21207","21227","21231","37149","37173","45001","45077","47001","47009","47011","47015","47021","47027","47035","47037","47041","47043","47049","47051","47055","47061","47065","47071","47081","47083","47085","47087","47099","47101","47111","47115","47119","47125","47129","47133","47135","47137","47141","47145","47147","47149","47151","47161","47165","47175","47177","47181","47185","47187"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[0,3],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 2 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":13,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","source_record_id":2580,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Moist rich forests, mainly over calcareous or mafic rocks."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"Organism","value":"C. Kentucky south to w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, w. Georgia, Panhandle Florida (Jackson County only), Alabama, Mississippi, and e. Louisiana (on loess in the Tunica Hills). Its distribution (and, for that matter, that of the genus as a whole) appears to be relictual and to reflect a poor ability to disperse itself and colonize new territory. Channell & Wood (1987) refer to Pachysandra procumbens as a \"nonaggressive if not ‘senile’ species with a very low evolutionary potential\". The only locations for this species in North Carolina are in Polk County, North Carolina, which has other notable disjunctions of species which normally occur west of the Blue Ridge ( Veratrum woodii , Smilax lasioneura ). The species has become popular as a shade-adapted native wildflower and may be encountered as persistent from horticultural use."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Feb-May; Jul-Aug."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= C, F, FNA10, G, K1, K4, NS, Pa, POWO, RAB, S, S13, Tn, W, WH3, Robbins (1968); = n/a — Tat]"},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"Organism","value":2},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2580,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"4,5,6","Attr19":"pi,wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 1-6","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"geographic_range_description":"C. Kentucky south to w. North Carolina, nw. South Carolina, w. Georgia, Panhandle Florida (Jackson County only), Alabama, Mississippi, and e. Louisiana (on loess in the Tunica Hills). Its distribution (and, for that matter, that of the genus as a whole) appears to be relictual and to reflect a poor ability to disperse itself and colonize new territory. Channell & Wood (1987) refer to Pachysandra procumbens as a \"nonaggressive if not ‘senile’ species with a very low evolutionary potential\". The only locations for this species in North Carolina are in Polk County, North Carolina, which has other notable disjunctions of species which normally occur west of the Blue Ridge ( Veratrum woodii , Smilax lasioneura ). The species has become popular as a shade-adapted native wildflower and may be encountered as persistent from horticultural use.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"4,5,6","Attr19":"pi,wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 1-6","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Moist rich forests, mainly over calcareous or mafic rocks.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":2,"phenology_source_text":"Feb-May; Jul-Aug.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= C, F, FNA10, G, K1, K4, NS, Pa, POWO, RAB, S, S13, Tn, W, WH3, Robbins (1968); = n/a — Tat]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:40:51.840952+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"3077ca70440032468e77f84b31f7e63c647a732563ff772639bbcf30ebacdabe","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:0ee2c4c7dbd37ee61730ba106a427eae85958837ff47cac9de9df30ed1cd142d","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:51.840952+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","source_sha256":"3077ca70440032468e77f84b31f7e63c647a732563ff772639bbcf30ebacdabe","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:d30b0f31-bf29-5301-8758-770bc7c92d4b","value":["Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)","Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:463fed9f71bb26eb7db55ecd270b6f3147b7be6c926da2046784409bc5a3f3f6","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:51.840952+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","source_sha256":"3077ca70440032468e77f84b31f7e63c647a732563ff772639bbcf30ebacdabe","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:d30b0f31-bf29-5301-8758-770bc7c92d4b","value":{"max":2,"min":1,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:52cc3caa366d1cb0c37fee27bdb66a01e17e18fa440b0557db64bd33e2e64204","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:51.840952+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","source_sha256":"3077ca70440032468e77f84b31f7e63c647a732563ff772639bbcf30ebacdabe","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pachysandra-procumbens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:d30b0f31-bf29-5301-8758-770bc7c92d4b","value":{"max":1,"min":0.5,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:862db33cc2ae3e4c394e61f146ad4b4483df9069c2e526010af601f8c290573a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:40:51.840952+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","modified":"2017-01-04T15:06:46+00:00","page_id":"4940","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/flowers/common-name/allegheny-spurge/","values":{"height_description":"4-9 inches","moisture_categories":["medium"]}},"wildflower_center":{"matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","retrieved":"2026-10-05T20:08:49.077239+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center","source_sha256":"22bb93cb4beae634696bff6c5c3ac717835b243fd664b966c99178e6f2aa3a5e","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PAPR7","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Allegheny spurge","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:3a559107353edcec7adea31152202b3a64e0ac0b1b0cc49bf63d1ab0b36cbaef","retrieved_at":"2026-10-05T20:08:49.077239+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","source_sha256":"22bb93cb4beae634696bff6c5c3ac717835b243fd664b966c99178e6f2aa3a5e","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PAPR7","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:d30b0f31-bf29-5301-8758-770bc7c92d4b","value":["Part Shade","Shade"]},{"expected_source_name":"Allegheny spurge","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:c34baa738af2fe57ac8f9e7c379706ac7bd4e8ffdc4b1917a05e2996667fbcc5","retrieved_at":"2026-10-05T20:08:49.077239+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"wildflower","source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","source_sha256":"22bb93cb4beae634696bff6c5c3ac717835b243fd664b966c99178e6f2aa3a5e","source_url":"https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PAPR7","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:d30b0f31-bf29-5301-8758-770bc7c92d4b","value":["White","Pink"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["White","Pink"],"leaf_habit":["Semi-evergreen"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Part Shade","Shade"],"moisture_categories":["Moist"],"soil_ph_categories":["Circumneutral (pH 6.8-7.2)"]}}},"light_range":["deep shade","part sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/458"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Pachysandra procumbens","taxon_id":"taxon:d30b0f31-bf29-5301-8758-770bc7c92d4b","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"pachysandra-procumbens-36303260","src":"/api/photos/image/1633d5d17b93081150dfe9870ec3248fcb7532aa15880b6e8971eb0c82ef80c1.jpg","view":"leaf","alt":"Pachysandra procumbens — leaf photograph","width":960,"height":720,"artist":"Derek Ramsey (Ram-Man)","license":"CC BY-SA 2.5","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alleghany_Pachysandra_Pachysandra_procumbens_Leaf_Cluster_4x3.jpg","changes":"Source cropped to 4:3 format by uploader; Wikimedia thumbnail; no additional editing"}]}