{"assessment":{"band":"Strong","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Kalmia buxifolia"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established South Carolina range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":0,"baseline_score":77,"composite":0.835,"insect_support":{"credit":0,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.7239454094292804,"birds":0.7946650124069479,"caterpillars":0.8765508684863523,"specialists":0.9429280397022333,"structure":0.75},"rank_pct":0.833,"raw":{"bees":6,"birds":3,"caterpillars":22,"genus_used":["Kalmia","Leiophyllum"],"specialists":3,"structure":["Shrub","Subshrub"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using South Carolina host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":77,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":""},"source_ids":["lep_sc","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:6a0a601ab56ad3783b7fe96af7fea975f02a6e74ab68afd1176e81873db92f8e","levels":[2,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5dc49adc99302ee4e693ff1eead7aaf76a576fde76d51fe61e22c2f3023da5b2","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub","Subshrub"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_inferred"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45025","45031","45063","45069","45073","45077","45079"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45025","45031","45063","45069","45073","45077","45079"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"usda_l48_and_nc_flora_without_atlas_flag","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Leiophyllum buxifolium","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["sernec:114035"],"source_name":"Leiophyllum buxifolium","source_refs":["SC-checklist-3.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=3&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-3.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=3&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,3],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 17 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:6a0a601ab56ad3783b7fe96af7fea975f02a6e74ab68afd1176e81873db92f8e","levels":[2,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:5dc49adc99302ee4e693ff1eead7aaf76a576fde76d51fe61e22c2f3023da5b2","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13241","37011","37017","37019","37023","37027","37051","37071","37087","37099","37113","37121","37155","37169","37173","37175","37189","37199","45025","45031","45063","45069","45073","45077","45079","47019","47155"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,3],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 17 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":77,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_record_id":4659,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Locally abundant but very restricted in wet (spodosol) pinelands of the outer Coastal Plain (in Brunswick and Carteret counties, NC), locally common in relatively dry sandhills in a few locations in the Sandhills, disjunct in the Piedmont on a few quartzite monadnocks, fairly common in the mountains on rock outcrops at high to moderate elevations (on a wide variety of rock types)."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The species is curiously distributed, both in its overall range and within North Carolina. Kalmia buxifolia is found in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, the outer Coastal Plain of se. North Carolina, the inner Coastal Plain (fall-line sandhills) of sc. North Carolina and nc. South Carolina, monadnocks of the upper Piedmont of North Carolina, mountain peaks of North Carolina and immediately adjacent nw. South Carolina, ne. Georgia, and e. Tennessee, and isolated in extreme e. Pennsylvania (Monroe County) and in se. Kentucky (on sandstone in Whitley County, in the Cumberland Plateau). See Werier (2017) for info on the omission of this species from Long Island, New York."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Late Mar-Jun (sporadically to Oct); Sep-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= FNA8, K4, NS, Pa, POWO, Tn, Kron et al (2002); = Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott — C, K1, W, Luteyn et al (1996), Strand & Wyatt (1991), Wilbur & Racine (1971); > Dendrium buxifolium (Bergius) Desv. — S13; > Dendrium hugeri Small — S13; > Dendrium prostratum (Loudon) Small — S13; > Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott var. buxifolium — F, RAB; > Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott var. hugeri (Small) C.K.Schneid. — F, G, Pennell (1935); > Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott var. prostratum (Loudon) Gray — RAB; > Leiophyllum hugeri (Small) K.Schum. — S; > Leiophyllum lyonii R. Sweet — S, Pennell (1935)]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Populations in the high mountains consist of very old, prostrate krummholz, the stems to 6 cm in diameter at the base, the branches spreading to cover at least a square meter. The disjunct distribution, various habitats, and subtle morphological variation between populations has led to periodic attempts to divide the species into two or more varieties or species, but the variability apparently cannot be successfully described taxonomically; it is here treated as a single species. See Wilbur & Racine (1971), Ebinger (1974), Southall & Hardin (1974), and Strand & Wyatt (1991) for detailed discussion of the various taxa recognized by various authors (within the genus Leiophyllum ). Strand & Wyatt (1991) found a population from Hanging Rock, Stokes County, NC to be the most distinctive, but did not choose to give it formal taxonomic status. Quinlan et al. (2020) studied genetic diversity in the disjunct populations of this species and found interesting patterns, but not conducive to taxonomic recognition."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"Organism","value":8},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":4659,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,ga_mt,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl5","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"pi,wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_ga_mt:y,","Attr4":" 3-10","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"alt,opp","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Populations in the high mountains consist of very old, prostrate krummholz, the stems to 6 cm in diameter at the base, the branches spreading to cover at least a square meter. The disjunct distribution, various habitats, and subtle morphological variation between populations has led to periodic attempts to divide the species into two or more varieties or species, but the variability apparently cannot be successfully described taxonomically; it is here treated as a single species. See Wilbur & Racine (1971), Ebinger (1974), Southall & Hardin (1974), and Strand & Wyatt (1991) for detailed discussion of the various taxa recognized by various authors (within the genus Leiophyllum ). Strand & Wyatt (1991) found a population from Hanging Rock, Stokes County, NC to be the most distinctive, but did not choose to give it formal taxonomic status. Quinlan et al. (2020) studied genetic diversity in the disjunct populations of this species and found interesting patterns, but not conducive to taxonomic recognition.","geographic_range_description":"The species is curiously distributed, both in its overall range and within North Carolina. Kalmia buxifolia is found in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, the outer Coastal Plain of se. North Carolina, the inner Coastal Plain (fall-line sandhills) of sc. North Carolina and nc. South Carolina, monadnocks of the upper Piedmont of North Carolina, mountain peaks of North Carolina and immediately adjacent nw. South Carolina, ne. Georgia, and e. Tennessee, and isolated in extreme e. Pennsylvania (Monroe County) and in se. Kentucky (on sandstone in Whitley County, in the Cumberland Plateau). See Werier (2017) for info on the omission of this species from Long Island, New York.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,ga_mt,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl5","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"pi,wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSS","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_ga_mt:y,","Attr4":" 3-10","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"alt,opp","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Locally abundant but very restricted in wet (spodosol) pinelands of the outer Coastal Plain (in Brunswick and Carteret counties, NC), locally common in relatively dry sandhills in a few locations in the Sandhills, disjunct in the Piedmont on a few quartzite monadnocks, fairly common in the mountains on rock outcrops at high to moderate elevations (on a wide variety of rock types).","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":8,"phenology_source_text":"Late Mar-Jun (sporadically to Oct); Sep-Oct.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= FNA8, K4, NS, Pa, POWO, Tn, Kron et al (2002); = Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott — C, K1, W, Luteyn et al (1996), Strand & Wyatt (1991), Wilbur & Racine (1971); > Dendrium buxifolium (Bergius) Desv. — S13; > Dendrium hugeri Small — S13; > Dendrium prostratum (Loudon) Small — S13; > Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott var. buxifolium — F, RAB; > Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott var. hugeri (Small) C.K.Schneid. — F, G, Pennell (1935); > Leiophyllum buxifolium (P.J.Bergius) Elliott var. prostratum (Loudon) Gray — RAB; > Leiophyllum hugeri (Small) K.Schum. — S; > Leiophyllum lyonii R. Sweet — S, Pennell (1935)]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:040a79b6519ecf978edb5f91ae14320cd46704a0e21653f5b68d732fd3e3db54","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":["Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:0dc2b484dbdcbfb893f0e35f29830521c73423f8d0b1865f57d994fca7ea9f15","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":["6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:1a3ebe0725c933fdd1aa601897c6378b136384d88e96967394d6ce980d449086","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":{"max":5,"min":4,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:222a7e6a29d4d1acce68c8e58e376f5c64395ace5aa61f9f7cf771e4856954f6","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":["Moist"]},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:27832a701b75f81b7c9f0d047dabf6e9efae7996d57bd4604aafe6209a72fe20","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:860eba39fcb01fe9bf387b566fae025cb00666cc0b29ccb70e9c0a53d0959612","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":["Pink","White"]},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:b6656689372081f9edcbf634c5dc3e6c552402f4da8505bd42a3de8533745c71","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":["Broadleaf Evergreen"]},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:be6134040c7f5db12b2e5dd55a823a5cecb18a1ba8d9c57de28812a3ab61b1d1","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":["Perennial","Woody"]},{"expected_source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:c98358a2316ee5b14d0e080591bfddd6cabb56dffc10fed75cb9a0bbc86d4eb3","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:34.338267+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","source_sha256":"cfb7014a20ab0c89be0e929b1c381a1f250d34dc01ad5e7d7940aa878a4dca24","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/kalmia-buxifolia/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","value":{"max":3,"min":1.5,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"flower_color":["Pink","White"],"hardiness_zones":["6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b"],"height_description":"1.5–3 feet","leaf_habit":["Broadleaf Evergreen"],"life_cycle":["Perennial","Woody"],"light":["Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"4–5 feet"}}},"light_range":["part shade","part sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Leiophyllum buxifolium","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Kalmia buxifolia","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Leiophyllum buxifolium","taxon_id":"taxon:62e699ea-fcbf-5be5-9f5c-42c0a4294c3a","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"kalmia-buxifolia-31371394","src":"/api/photos/image/4077d34568b47afabd10cf753c8e466bda02421f38c267d45ffd0008dca6a7c8.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Kalmia buxifolia — bloom photograph","width":960,"height":720,"artist":"Mark A. Garland","license":"Public domain","license_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Public_domain","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kalmia_buxifolia_NRCS-2.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching"}]}