{"assessment":{"band":"Good","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established South Carolina range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":3,"baseline_score":46,"composite":0.633,"insect_support":{"credit":3,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":1,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Systoechus vulgaris","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Exoprosopa fasciata","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Exoprosopa fascipennis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Anthrax halcyon","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Geron rufipes","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"}],"label":"Flies","recorded_name_count":5,"recorded_names":["Anthrax halcyon","Exoprosopa fasciata","Exoprosopa fascipennis","Geron rufipes","Systoechus vulgaris"],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"recorded"},"moths_butterflies":{"credit":1,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Pholisora catullus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"moths_butterflies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Phyciodes tharos","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"moths_butterflies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Pontia protodice","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"moths_butterflies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"}],"label":"Adult butterflies / moths","recorded_name_count":3,"recorded_names":["Pholisora catullus","Phyciodes tharos","Pontia protodice"],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"recorded"},"other_hymenoptera":{"credit":1,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Sphex nigricans","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Bembix spinolae","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"},{"animal":"Sphex vulgaris","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_hymenoptera","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"}],"label":"Other wasps","recorded_name_count":3,"recorded_names":["Bembix spinolae","Sphex nigricans","Sphex vulgaris"],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"recorded"},"other_insects":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Lygaeus turcicus","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"other_insects","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Heliopsis helianthoides"}],"label":"Other insects","recorded_name_count":1,"recorded_names":["Lygaeus turcicus"],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"recorded"}},"interpretation":"One provisional point per additional documented insect group, capped at five. Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.9075682382133995,"birds":0.303970223325062,"caterpillars":0.4975186104218362,"specialists":0.9820099255583127,"structure":0.5},"rank_pct":0.482,"raw":{"bees":22,"birds":0,"caterpillars":2,"genus_used":null,"specialists":10,"structure":["Forb/herb"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using South Carolina host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":49,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":""},"source_ids":["lep_sc","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:0c467dbc6a04497e3939595974f3e5d5c5b1bf7215516f1e923de3b910fe127b","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/heliopsis-helianthoides/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:0fdd598cce3b2589e2bf11c80a0c8b97ef64c860350fd6a2e7d779456a8c4c1a","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"soil_drainage","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/heliopsis-helianthoides/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Forb/herb"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_inferred"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45001","45015","45035","45037","45053","45073","45081"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45001","45015","45035","45037","45053","45073","45081"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_evidence":[{"basis":"unanimous_direct_child_native_flags","claim":"native","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","supporting_taxa":[{"atlas_id":1408,"native_flag":"Y","scientific_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1408"},{"atlas_id":1409,"native_flag":"Y","scientific_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides var. helianthoides","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1409"}],"url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3811"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["sernec:18289"],"source_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","source_refs":["SC-checklist-2.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=2&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-2.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=2&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 29 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Good","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:0c467dbc6a04497e3939595974f3e5d5c5b1bf7215516f1e923de3b910fe127b","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/heliopsis-helianthoides/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:0fdd598cce3b2589e2bf11c80a0c8b97ef64c860350fd6a2e7d779456a8c4c1a","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"soil_drainage","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/heliopsis-helianthoides/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13123","13145","13227","13241","13251","13289","21023","21029","21035","21037","21045","21047","21049","21053","21057","21061","21065","21069","21073","21077","21079","21081","21083","21103","21109","21113","21117","21141","21143","21147","21151","21155","21157","21165","21185","21187","21193","21197","21199","21203","21221","37005","37009","37011","37021","37037","37057","37063","37075","37077","37085","37087","37097","37099","37111","37113","37115","37119","37121","37123","37135","37149","37167","37169","37171","37175","37183","37189","37193","37199","45001","45015","45035","45037","45053","45073","45081","47001","47007","47013","47019","47021","47029","47035","47037","47049","47051","47055","47057","47059","47061","47063","47065","47067","47071","47073","47081","47091","47093","47101","47115","47119","47123","47125","47129","47131","47139","47145","47151","47157","47161","47163","47165","47167","47171","47173","47175","47177","47179","47185","47187"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 29 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":49,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"extension":{"identity_basis":"Exact genus/species fields on cached page","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","retrieved":"2026-09-30T15:19:50.868764+00:00","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"a31b8a67a85d238682fa7a1ca51c19b97981dfc2e9835e4bf1bdf47b33c96095","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/heliopsis-helianthoides/","values":{"bloom_season":["Fall","Summer"],"flower_color":["Brown/Copper","Gold/Yellow","Orange"],"hardiness_zones":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_feet":[3,6],"leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"],"nc_regions":["Coastal","Mountains","Piedmont"],"soil_drainage":["Good Drainage","Moist","Occasionally Dry"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"width_feet":[2,4]}},"prairie_moon_2026":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","page":6,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:34.396046+00:00","row_top":489.875,"scope":"Nursery cultural guide; height in flower; moisture categories retained as printed","source_label":"Prairie Moon 2026 Cultural Guide","source_sha256":"a0653d627b36184cd6bdd39aaea55efe2c15be3899976de28f978edc07a23cf1","source_url":"https://www.prairiemoon.com/catalogs/Prairie-Moon-Nursery-Cultural-Guide-2026.pdf","values":{"bloom_season":["June","July","August","September"],"flower_color":["Yellow"],"height_description":"5 feet (in flower)","light":["Full sun (6+ hours)","Part shade (3–6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Wet-mesic","Mesic","Dry-mesic"]}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","modified":"2014-12-18T19:11:23+00:00","page_id":"2902","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/flowers/common-name/early-sunflower-smooth-oxeye/","values":{"height_description":"3-5 feet","light":["Full to part sun"],"moisture_categories":["moderately wet to moderately dry"]}},"virginia_coastal":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:37.533960+00:00","row_top":329.36990000000003,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Coastal Plain","source_sha256":"c7dc029781c9ba41743547b5b3234bbe1c4c027e3137534abdc4b4fe2cf39612","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/cp-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Partial sun (minimum requirement)","Full sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Low","Moderate"]}},"virginia_piedmont":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:36.632111+00:00","row_top":377.78970000000004,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","source_sha256":"cb946fa6b7fa4ad5694d1debe04b04c392bc7389af2321eeab1ebcff381a5be3","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/pied-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Partial sun (minimum requirement)","Full sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Low","Moderate"]}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"basis":"unanimous_direct_child_native_flags","claim":"native","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","supporting_taxa":[{"atlas_id":1408,"native_flag":"Y","scientific_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1408"},{"atlas_id":1409,"native_flag":"Y","scientific_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides var. helianthoides","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1409"}],"url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3811"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Heliopsis helianthoides","taxon_id":"taxon:e2e4e34e-2906-5faa-b50a-466de79aef19","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"inat-135589","src":"/api/photos/image/0412811fad5faa74fdaa6cb8408c9715306b4c31344c487a85e2a81b3e2862c3.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Heliopsis helianthoides — flower photograph","width":500,"height":355,"artist":"Scott Loarie","license":"CC0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/135589","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}