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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. 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county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA lumps this with Fraxinus smallii; county records not used","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":75,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Fraxinus pennsylvanica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Fraxinus pennsylvanica","source_record_id":5119,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Bottomlands and swamps, especially along brownwater rivers and streams, rarely on mesic upland disturbed sites."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Nova Scotia west to Alberta, south to Florida, Texas, and Colorado."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Apr-May; Aug-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, GrPl, GW2, K1, Mi, Mo3, NE, NY, Pa, Tn, Va, W, Hardin & Beckmann (1982), Hardin (1974), Nesom (2010h), Ward (2010a); > Fraxinus darlingtonii Britton — S; > Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. — Il, S13, Tat; Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall — Fl6, WH3; > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall — Il, S, S13, Tat; ? Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall ssp. pennsylvanica — Miller (1955); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. austini Fernald — F, orthographic variant; > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. austinii Fernald — Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. campestris (Britton) F.C.Gates — Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.; > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. pennsylvanica — F, G, RAB, WV, Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald — F, G, RAB, WV, Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pensylvanica var. integerrima — Tx, orthographic variant]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Variation in this species (see synonymy) needs further study. Campbell (2017) has provided a detailed analysis of variation in F. pennsylvanica , choosing to recognize four varieties."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":5},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"Organism","value":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Moist","Water","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5119,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"5,many","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt,to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"nd,rad","Attr18":"4,nd","Attr19":"gr,nd,pur,re,ye","Attr2":"Moist,Water,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 3-6","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"com"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Variation in this species (see synonymy) needs further study. Campbell (2017) has provided a detailed analysis of variation in F. pennsylvanica , choosing to recognize four varieties.","geographic_range_description":"Nova Scotia west to Alberta, south to Florida, Texas, and Colorado.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"5,many","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt,to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"nd,rad","Attr18":"4,nd","Attr19":"gr,nd,pur,re,ye","Attr2":"Moist,Water,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 3-6","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"com"},"habitat_description":"Bottomlands and swamps, especially along brownwater rivers and streams, rarely on mesic upland disturbed sites.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Moist","Water","Wet"],"heliophily_index":5,"phenology_source_text":"Apr-May; Aug-Oct.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, GrPl, GW2, K1, Mi, Mo3, NE, NY, Pa, Tn, Va, W, Hardin & Beckmann (1982), Hardin (1974), Nesom (2010h), Ward (2010a); > Fraxinus darlingtonii Britton — S; > Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. — Il, S13, Tat; Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall — Fl6, WH3; > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall — Il, S, S13, Tat; ? Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall ssp. pennsylvanica — Miller (1955); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. austini Fernald — F, orthographic variant; > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. austinii Fernald — Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. campestris (Britton) F.C.Gates — Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.; > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. pennsylvanica — F, G, RAB, WV, Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald — F, G, RAB, WV, Campbell (2017); > Fraxinus pensylvanica var. integerrima — Tx, orthographic variant]","wetland_source_note":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Fraxinus pennsylvanica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:34:39.840958+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"ba1c29abc6455c8f73b7e1bcf47cc92365650c78548cbd2b801a160fb318691b","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/green-ash","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus pennsylvanica","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:141978b9308949d7411d54473acf8b0d3a2fbac0b06d2e3a5092e1d14bd0eb8d","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:39.840958+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"f7ad53041abfde26a37948ebf1aa10d496ae733857a9fdabcf765cc71d898557","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-pennsylvanica/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus pennsylvanica","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:26c2a9a6efc9ce92860e224e9c7c66fda52be9b57aba2d8760b5a307bcd517ca","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:48.801986+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Fraxinus pennsylvanica","source_sha256":"f7ad53041abfde26a37948ebf1aa10d496ae733857a9fdabcf765cc71d898557","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-pennsylvanica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b38905df-e6d4-529b-97ce-fd66b7fd57ad","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus pennsylvanica","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:5381b8377a49ff9e235aea3816830faed288be8f59cb7363d52a7e250cbdb4bc","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:48.801986+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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