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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. 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not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["45003","45009","45015","45019","45025","45027","45029","45031","45033","45035","45041","45043","45045","45049","45051","45053","45055","45061","45067","45069","45075","45085","45089"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"usda_l48_and_nc_flora_without_atlas_flag","native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["sernec:84731"],"source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_refs":["SC-checklist-5.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=5&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-5.html","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=5&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[1,3],"moisture":[3,4],"ph":[3.5,6]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA lumps this with Fraxinus pauciflora; 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county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA lumps this with Fraxinus pauciflora; county records not used","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":75,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"eol_usda":{"archive_doi":"10.5281/zenodo.22129810","matched_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","retrieved":"2026-09-30","scope":"Nationwide approximate species characteristics; tolerance categories do not specify sun hours or moisture requirements","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"USDA PLANTS via EOL TraitBank","source_sha256":"04bb6a5292502ddc757bb909f4151de4b9aaea042223dfb486ffe2a94a2564db","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRCA3","trait_evidence":[{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/579147","field":"drought_tolerance","method":"Compares the relative tolerance of the plant to drought conditions to other species with the same growth habit from the same geographical region. 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These plant species are considered to be more drought tolerant than the species that are frequently found in the low areas with fine textured soil.","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRCA3","trait_id":"R133-PK288756315","trait_label":"drought tolerance","value":"low tolerance"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/579147","field":"moisture_use","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRCA3","trait_id":"R133-PK288767916","trait_label":"moisture use","value":"high"},{"citation":"The PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture, National Resources Conservation Service. http://plants.usda.gov/","eol_page":"https://eol.org/pages/579147","field":"shade_tolerance","method":"","source_url":"http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=FRCA3","trait_id":"R133-PK288785310","trait_label":"shade tolerance","value":"high tolerance"}],"values":{"drought_tolerance":"low tolerance","moisture_use":"high","shade_tolerance":"high tolerance"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_record_id":5117,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Deeply to shallowly flooded swamps, both alluvial and tidal."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Se. 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MD by Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp (2016)."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"Organism","value":3},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"OBL"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"Organism","value":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Water","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5117,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_pd,","Attr10":"5,many","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt,to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"nd,rad","Attr18":"4,nd","Attr19":"gr,nd,pur,re,ye","Attr2":"Water,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DSN","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 4-6","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"com"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"J.J.N. Campbell (pers. comm., 2020) suggests recognizing a varietal entity in the Apalachicola region of Panhandle FL, with smaller leaves and leaflets, proportionally broader samaras, and mature at shrub size. A small tree, sometimes very abundant (and nearly the only subcanopy species) as the understory in Taxodium-Nyssa swamps. Reported for se. MD by Longbottom, Naczi, & Knapp (2016).","geographic_range_description":"Se. Maryland south to n. 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_sha256":"9ab2cd8c0b36955b3b9f07d3c4610a1bbadf881442e8d892381e4d6057dcda2c","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-caroliniana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a5167cfe-a015-5403-bcd6-82282d67aaaa","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:4e839c2eaca160ff22043490ad311c4c8d15bb3f5616633e0dca3d434b34188d","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:47.356709+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_sha256":"9ab2cd8c0b36955b3b9f07d3c4610a1bbadf881442e8d892381e4d6057dcda2c","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-caroliniana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a5167cfe-a015-5403-bcd6-82282d67aaaa","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:6b718c5fa34f766e856fd7ee3c61fb9dd258a77b80bef2409f2d3c76fd03beb3","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:47.356709+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_sha256":"9ab2cd8c0b36955b3b9f07d3c4610a1bbadf881442e8d892381e4d6057dcda2c","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-caroliniana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a5167cfe-a015-5403-bcd6-82282d67aaaa","value":{"max":10,"min":5,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:76b03f2b9b43d4d02ff6e03f5b23e565c309fc50f5ef3b00c10e7bff34e4dea1","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:47.356709+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_sha256":"9ab2cd8c0b36955b3b9f07d3c4610a1bbadf881442e8d892381e4d6057dcda2c","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-caroliniana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a5167cfe-a015-5403-bcd6-82282d67aaaa","value":["Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:81a3af1b81177f4bd03abdbdd4e47b2e84de5425bccb27f74efeff0e53866f52","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:47.356709+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_sha256":"9ab2cd8c0b36955b3b9f07d3c4610a1bbadf881442e8d892381e4d6057dcda2c","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-caroliniana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a5167cfe-a015-5403-bcd6-82282d67aaaa","value":["Woody"]},{"expected_source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:d4e1869a868077de53fd1a71faca8560ace24a55a2f5159f1acba74187aee520","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:47.356709+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","source_sha256":"9ab2cd8c0b36955b3b9f07d3c4610a1bbadf881442e8d892381e4d6057dcda2c","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fraxinus-caroliniana/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a5167cfe-a015-5403-bcd6-82282d67aaaa","value":["Green","Purple/Lavender"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Green","Purple/Lavender"],"hardiness_zones":["7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b"],"height_description":"30–60 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Woody"],"light":["Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Frequent Standing Water","Moist","Occasionally Wet"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"5–10 feet"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":49751,"values":{"bloom_season":"Spring","flower_color":"Green","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Fall","growth_architecture":"Single Stem","growth_rate":"Moderate","height_ft":39,"leaf_retention":"No"}}},"light_range":["shade","part sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Fraxinus caroliniana","taxon_id":"taxon:a5167cfe-a015-5403-bcd6-82282d67aaaa","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"recovery-pmc-fraxinus-caroliniana-179d","src":"/api/photos/image/6403d4590a01ebc28654f2d13d3eca83fc732a5cfdd57162dbf7a9d38b529e6e.jpg","view":"leaf","alt":"Fraxinus caroliniana — leaf photograph","width":759,"height":564,"artist":"Nathan Howell; Howell, Krings and Braham (2016)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4911545/#F2416982","changes":"Original published individual photograph panel; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding"},{"id":"recovery-pmc-fraxinus-caroliniana-179f","src":"/api/photos/image/92398ca92eee8ce557daf304b2b6b4021db6f22e4ec05e2e39005b3b6a624e67.jpg","view":"fruit","alt":"Fraxinus caroliniana — fruit photograph","width":800,"height":600,"artist":"Nathan Howell; Howell, Krings and Braham (2016)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4911545/#F2416984","changes":"Original published individual photograph panel; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding"}]}