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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.24379652605459057,"birds":0.303970223325062,"caterpillars":0.8008684863523573,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":1},"rank_pct":0.434,"raw":{"bees":0,"birds":0,"caterpillars":12,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Shrub","Tree"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using South Carolina host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":42,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"state_rank":""},"source_ids":["lep_sc","globi","bigbee","avian","usdahabit","robertson","antseed"],"status":"scored_provisional","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:7fdb0de7087b4983b7fa5e335e381aeabae2d5e31f4a09020817d05cef8e7a50","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/chionanthus-virginicus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:c581a2d32f444cd1795fb612dacd9000af9b37b71bfae51da0655467fccc4299","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/chionanthus-virginicus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub","Tree"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"native_inferred"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["45001","45003","45005","45007","45009","45015","45019","45021","45027","45029","45031","45035","45037","45039","45041","45043","45045","45047","45049","45051","45053","45055","45057","45059","45065","45069","45073","45075","45077","45079","45083","45085","45087","45089","45091"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; 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county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 56 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":42,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_primary_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","review_decision":{"reason":"Single consistent approved flower-color category; explicit normalization of existing observation, not a fresh anatomical verification.","sources":["chionanthus-virginicus--usda"],"status":"reviewed","value":"white"},"review_note":"Single consistent approved flower-color category; explicit normalization of existing observation, not a fresh anatomical verification.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": \"White\"}","retrieved":"2026-09-24","sha256":null,"source_record_id":49693,"title":"USDA PLANTS","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"review_status":"reviewed","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","values":{"primary_flower_color":"white"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","source_record_id":5109,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Dry, mesic, or wet forests and woodlands, granitic flatrocks and domes, glades and barrens over various rocks (including granite, greenstone, etc.), swamp forests in the Coastal Plain, tidal swamps, rarely pocosins."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"Organism","value":"New Jersey, s. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio, and Missouri south to c. peninsular Florida and e. Texas."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"Organism","value":"(Late Feb-) Apr-May; Jul-Sep."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, Fl6, FNA16, G, GW2, Il, K1, K4, Mo3, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tn, Va, W, WH3, Hardin (1974); = Chionanthus virginica — F, S, S13, Tat, orthographic variant; > Chionanthus henryae H.L.Li; > Chionanthus virginica var. maritima Pursh — Tx; > Chionanthus virginica var. virginica — Tx]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"Organism","value":"C. virginicus in our area shows a diversity of morphology and correlated habitat that suggests the possible presence of two taxa. Swamp- and pocosin-inhabiting populations in the outer Coastal Plain have leaves 4-8× as long as wide and seem very different than Piedmont dry woodland populations with leaves 1-2× as long as wide; further and more careful study is needed. Chionanthus henryae H.L. Li was named to accommodate Coastal Plain populations from mainly dry sandy sites with “smaller leaves, which are more coriaceous, more smoothly surfaced, and with shorter petioles,” and smaller panicles, flowers, and bracts as well as abruptly blunt-tipped anthers (Li 1966). C. virginicus is a traditional southern yard plant, often used as a ‘specimen plant’, very showy in spring, particularly when grown to its full size."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"Organism","value":6},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5109,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"4","Attr19":"wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1,F2","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-6","Attr5":"s,t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"C. virginicus in our area shows a diversity of morphology and correlated habitat that suggests the possible presence of two taxa. Swamp- and pocosin-inhabiting populations in the outer Coastal Plain have leaves 4-8× as long as wide and seem very different than Piedmont dry woodland populations with leaves 1-2× as long as wide; further and more careful study is needed. Chionanthus henryae H.L. Li was named to accommodate Coastal Plain populations from mainly dry sandy sites with “smaller leaves, which are more coriaceous, more smoothly surfaced, and with shorter petioles,” and smaller panicles, flowers, and bracts as well as abruptly blunt-tipped anthers (Li 1966). C. virginicus is a traditional southern yard plant, often used as a ‘specimen plant’, very showy in spring, particularly when grown to its full size.","geographic_range_description":"New Jersey, s. Pennsylvania, s. Ohio, and Missouri south to c. peninsular Florida and e. 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Jul-Sep.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, Fl6, FNA16, G, GW2, Il, K1, K4, Mo3, NE, NS, NY, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tn, Va, W, WH3, Hardin (1974); = Chionanthus virginica — F, S, S13, Tat, orthographic variant; > Chionanthus henryae H.L.Li; > Chionanthus virginica var. maritima Pursh — Tx; > Chionanthus virginica var. virginica — Tx]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:33:05.435358+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"db3d1f8b8905affdd30b1287cbd05f5401cb0c7789fe308333c3e4dca7758e92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/chionanthus-virginicus/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:6cbffd83112556cf3f8ff30e3ec69c2777fe8b42ee9bbe83d6f8c73b62adb5c6","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:05.435358+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","source_sha256":"db3d1f8b8905affdd30b1287cbd05f5401cb0c7789fe308333c3e4dca7758e92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/chionanthus-virginicus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:4b733e7d-4704-5ede-a795-571ed4d9aff3","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"]},{"expected_source_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:aa0a4ada67f0a2d8ad4027e33f69d93f1c0c1a11fbb94a148072b3ed18224a10","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:05.435358+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","source_sha256":"db3d1f8b8905affdd30b1287cbd05f5401cb0c7789fe308333c3e4dca7758e92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/chionanthus-virginicus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:4b733e7d-4704-5ede-a795-571ed4d9aff3","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:b875ea223bc1442cc266bdb89dafd83ecf5d199bc71df19aeaba92d23141fa79","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:05.435358+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":49693,"values":{"bloom_season":"Mid Spring","flower_color":"White","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Summer","growth_architecture":"Multiple Stem","growth_rate":"Slow","height_ft":25,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","modified":"2017-01-18T20:23:38+00:00","page_id":"10347","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/trees/scientific-name/white-fringetree-grancy-gray-beard-old-mans-beard-fringe-tree/","values":{"light":["Full sun"],"moisture_categories":["moderately wet to moderately dry"]}},"virginia_coastal":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:37.533960+00:00","row_top":626.4403,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; 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State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to South Carolina (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Chionanthus virginicus","taxon_id":"taxon:4b733e7d-4704-5ede-a795-571ed4d9aff3","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"chionanthus-virginicus-106240136","src":"/api/photos/image/88d9590dd674a77bb14a7bb9308eb2390ce4f6656f1ef8bf060e105a3851d753.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Chionanthus virginicus — bloom photograph","width":960,"height":720,"artist":"Agnieszka Kwiecień, Nova","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chionanthus_virginicus_%C5%9Aniegowiec_wirginijski_2019-06-01_02.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching"}]}