{"assessment":{"band":"Not scored","fit_score":null,"native_basis":"unresolved","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Native classification is missing or conflicting in the available sources.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a South Carolina percentile","score":null,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":null,"state_rank":""},"status":"native_status_unresolved","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:12acd761501e801b9d90f98bd6fd176b54a5e953c91b12deb1e826c65a079387","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e218eca60548a530cd5936381501beb40a6c14d9e753791259433994080d7e61","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub","Tree"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":[],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":[],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":null,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Alnus crispa","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N GL:N L48:N SPM:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Alnus crispa","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"unresolved","source_ids":["sernec:71587"],"source_name":"Alnus crispa","source_refs":["SC-checklist-2.html"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=2&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["SC-checklist-2.html"],"source_url":"https://sernecportal.org/portal/checklists/checklist.php?pagenumber=2&clid=3141&dynclid=0&pid=84&searchsynonyms=1","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":[4.8,7]},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 1 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"fit_record":{"band":"Not scored","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:12acd761501e801b9d90f98bd6fd176b54a5e953c91b12deb1e826c65a079387","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_light_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:e218eca60548a530cd5936381501beb40a6c14d9e753791259433994080d7e61","levels":[0,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,4],"scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"semantics":"documented_native_habitat_conditions","source_field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["37121"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[0,4],"ph":[4.8,7]},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 1 NC counties","light":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","moisture":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":null,"state":"SC"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_primary_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Alnus crispa","review_decision":{"reason":"Single consistent approved flower-color category; explicit normalization of existing observation, not a fresh anatomical verification.","sources":["alnus-crispa--usda"],"status":"reviewed","value":"yellow"},"review_note":"Single consistent approved flower-color category; explicit normalization of existing observation, not a fresh anatomical verification.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"evidence_kind":"existing_structured_source_observation","excerpt":"{\"flower_color\": \"Yellow\"}","retrieved":"2026-09-24","sha256":null,"source_record_id":69934,"title":"USDA PLANTS","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"review_status":"reviewed","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","values":{"primary_flower_color":"yellow"}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Alnus crispa","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Alnus crispa","source_record_id":3391,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Grassy balds, shrub balds, spruce-fir forests, and rock outcrops at high elevations (1600-1900m) in the Roan Mountain Massif, Mitchell and Avery counties, NC and Carter County, TN."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Greenland to Northwest Territories south to Massachusetts, New York (Adirondacks), n. Michigan, n. Wisconsin, c. Minnesota, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; disjunct in montane Pennsylvania; disjunct on the Roan Mountain massif (Mitchell and Avery counties, North Carolina and Carter County, Tennessee)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May-Jun; Jul."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= G, RAB, W, Hardin (1971a); = Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch ssp. crispa (Aiton) Raus — Can, K4, NY, POWO, Chery (2015); = Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch var. crispa (Aiton) H.J.P.Winkl.; = Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh ssp. crispa — Banaev & Adel’shin (2009); = Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Aiton) Turrill — FNA3, K1, Mi, NE, NS, Pa, Tn, Furlow (1990); = Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. var. crispa (Aiton) House — C; = Betula crispa W. Aiton; Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch — S, S13; > Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh var. crispa — F; > Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh var. mollis Fernald — F; > Alnus mitchelliana M.A.Curtis ex Gray — Gray (1842), not validly published; Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. — Chap]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The \"green alder\" on Roan Mountain and \"green alders\" in general have had a complicated and controversial taxonomic and nomenclatural history (see synonymy). The Roan Mountain population has sometimes and in the past been considered a narrowly endemic species ( Alnus mitchelliana , the name however not validly published) (Gray 1842), but more usually considered to be a disjunct population of the ne. North American \" crispa \" entity, which has variously been considered as varietally, subspecifically, or specifically distinct from the typic \"green alder\" of Europe. The appropriate name for the European green alder, and therefore other taxa treated as subspecies or varieties under it, has also been controversial, with Alnus viridis usually considered the name with priority, but it now seems clear that A. alnobetula has priority over A. viridis (Chery 2015). Most recent authors treat A. alnobetula (the former A. viridis ) as a circumpolar complex of several subspecies or varieties, including the ne. North American \" crispa \". Varietal ranks have also been used, and sometimes North America and e. Asian taxa are separated at specific rank from European. The \" viridis \" entity occurs in montane portions of Europe. The \" sinuata \" entity occurs in w. Canada and south in the montane west to nw. United States. The \" fruticosa \" entity ranges from n. CA north to coastal AK, and in ne. Asia. Several additional entities are limited to e. and ne. Asia and are sometimes included within A. alnobetula as subspecies or varieties, or not, or lumped (Chery 2015; Ren, Xiang, & Chen 2010; Banaev & Adel’shin 2009). The \" crispa \" entity is generally far northern, ranging in Greenland, n. Canada (NL and NU west to NT), south to MA, c. NY, MI (Upper Peninsula only), WI, MN, MB, SK, and AB, and disjunct at a few localities in PA and at Roan Mountain on the NC-TN border, where it forms an extensive population."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":8},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"Organism","value":"name change"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3391,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_mt,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DC","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"The \"green alder\" on Roan Mountain and \"green alders\" in general have had a complicated and controversial taxonomic and nomenclatural history (see synonymy). The Roan Mountain population has sometimes and in the past been considered a narrowly endemic species ( Alnus mitchelliana , the name however not validly published) (Gray 1842), but more usually considered to be a disjunct population of the ne. North American \" crispa \" entity, which has variously been considered as varietally, subspecifically, or specifically distinct from the typic \"green alder\" of Europe. The appropriate name for the European green alder, and therefore other taxa treated as subspecies or varieties under it, has also been controversial, with Alnus viridis usually considered the name with priority, but it now seems clear that A. alnobetula has priority over A. viridis (Chery 2015). Most recent authors treat A. alnobetula (the former A. viridis ) as a circumpolar complex of several subspecies or varieties, including the ne. North American \" crispa \". Varietal ranks have also been used, and sometimes North America and e. Asian taxa are separated at specific rank from European. The \" viridis \" entity occurs in montane portions of Europe. The \" sinuata \" entity occurs in w. Canada and south in the montane west to nw. United States. The \" fruticosa \" entity ranges from n. CA north to coastal AK, and in ne. Asia. Several additional entities are limited to e. and ne. Asia and are sometimes included within A. alnobetula as subspecies or varieties, or not, or lumped (Chery 2015; Ren, Xiang, & Chen 2010; Banaev & Adel’shin 2009). The \" crispa \" entity is generally far northern, ranging in Greenland, n. Canada (NL and NU west to NT), south to MA, c. NY, MI (Upper Peninsula only), WI, MN, MB, SK, and AB, and disjunct at a few localities in PA and at Roan Mountain on the NC-TN border, where it forms an extensive population.","geographic_range_description":"Greenland to Northwest Territories south to Massachusetts, New York (Adirondacks), n. Michigan, n. Wisconsin, c. Minnesota, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; disjunct in montane Pennsylvania; disjunct on the Roan Mountain massif (Mitchell and Avery counties, North Carolina and Carter County, Tennessee).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_mt,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DC","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:y,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Grassy balds, shrub balds, spruce-fir forests, and rock outcrops at high elevations (1600-1900m) in the Roan Mountain Massif, Mitchell and Avery counties, NC and Carter County, TN.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":8,"phenology_source_text":"May-Jun; Jul.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= G, RAB, W, Hardin (1971a); = Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch ssp. crispa (Aiton) Raus — Can, K4, NY, POWO, Chery (2015); = Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch var. crispa (Aiton) H.J.P.Winkl.; = Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh ssp. crispa — Banaev & Adel’shin (2009); = Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. ssp. crispa (Aiton) Turrill — FNA3, K1, Mi, NE, NS, Pa, Tn, Furlow (1990); = Alnus viridis (Vill.) Lam. & DC. var. crispa (Aiton) House — C; = Betula crispa W. Aiton; Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K.Koch — S, S13; > Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh var. crispa — F; > Alnus crispa (Aiton) Pursh var. mollis Fernald — F; > Alnus mitchelliana M.A.Curtis ex Gray — Gray (1842), not validly published; Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. — Chap]","wetland_source_note":"name change"}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Alnus crispa","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":69934,"values":{"bloom_season":"Summer","flower_color":"Yellow","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Fall","growth_architecture":"Thicket Forming","growth_rate":"Moderate","height_ft":10,"leaf_retention":"No"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Alnus crispa","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N GL:N L48:N SPM:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Alnus crispa","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native status unresolved in South Carolina","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"unresolved"},"source_name":"Alnus crispa","taxon_id":"taxon:330f460a-b64d-5892-8fa4-76d20242861a","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"recovery-alnus-crispa-2506310","src":"/api/photos/image/43fff91caa796dca2519e865ea27a75a879b6c6caa3b7df24a9a67051323402d.jpg","view":"leaf","alt":"Alnus crispa — leaf photograph","width":960,"height":648,"artist":"Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA NRCS. 1995. Northeast wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. Northeast National Technical Center, Chester, PA. Courtesy of USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute.","license":"Public domain","license_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alnus_viridis_crispa_leaves.jpg#Licensing","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alnus_viridis_crispa_leaves.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; source light levels adjusted by MPF (2020); no additional edits by Quercus."}]}