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Swamp Cottonwood

Populus heterophylla

Found in blackwater and brownwater swamp forests, tidal swamp forests, depression ponds, interdune ponds. Weakley, Flora of the Southeastern United States (2025), South Central edition What its natural habitat tells you

67
Strong

Native to Mississippi. How scores work Is it native here?

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Height
About 100 feet
Light
Full sun
Soil moisture
Moist to standing water
Will it fit your yard?

At a glance

Life cycle
Woody perennial
Leaves
Deciduous
Bloom
March to April
Fruiting season
Spring to summer

Not yet recorded · Spread

Recorded in 16 Mississippi counties.

Natural habitats

Places it grows wild. Not a planting requirement. Each habitat page lists the plants and wildlife also found there.

1 of 4

Swamps

Forested wetlands with standing water much of the year, such as cypress and gum swamps.

Depression ponds and limesinks

Shallow ponds in Coastal Plain depressions, such as limesinks and the ponds in some Carolina bays, that rise and fall with the seasons.

Coastal dunes and beaches

Open sand of beaches, dunes and the hollows between them.

Ponds, lakes and their shores

Still water and its edges: ponds, lakes, millponds and reservoirs.

All habitats

Also found with this plant

Wildlife whose habitat models include habitats this plant grows in, in Mississippi. Shared habitat, not food. 141 animals.

All wildlife of Mississippi

Ecological relationships

Who uses this plant?

What these records mean

168CaterpillarsGenus host records with ranges including MS

Genus host records with ranges including MS · Populus

  • Limenitis archippusViceroy
  • Limenitis arthemisRed-spotted Purple
  • Nymphalis antiopaMourning Cloak
  • Papilio glaucusEastern Tiger Swallowtail
  • Achatia distinctaDistinct Quaker
  • Acronicta americanaAmerican Dagger
  • Acronicta funeralisFunerary Dagger, Paddle Caterpillar
  • Acronicta impletaYellow-Haired Dagger
  • Acronicta insularisHenry's Marsh Moth, Cattail Caterpillar
  • Acronicta lepusculinaCottonwood Dagger
Show all 168
  • Acronicta longaLong-Winged Dagger, Darkish Dagger
  • Acronicta noctivagaNight-Wandering Dagger, Burglar Dagger
  • Acronicta oblinitaSmeared Dagger
  • Actias lunaLuna Moth
  • Aethalura intertextaFour-Barred Gray
  • Agonopterix argillaceaClay-Colored Agonopterix
  • Alsophila pometariaFall Cankerworm Moth
  • Americerura scitiscriptaBlack-Etched Prominent
  • Amorbia humerosanaWhite-Lined Leafroller Moth
  • Amphipyra glabellaSmooth Amphipyra
  • Amphipyra pyramidoidesMiranda Underwing, Copper Underwing, Copper Amphipyra
  • Anacampsis innocuellaDark-Headed Aspen Leafroller Moth
  • Anathix rallaDotted Sallow
  • Anavitrinella pampinariaCommon Gray, Cranberry Spanworm
  • Antaeotricha leucillanaWell-Marked Leaf Tier, Pale Gray Bird-Dropping Moth
  • Antheraea polyphemusPolyphemus Moth
  • Archips argyrospilaFruit-Tree Leafroller Moth
  • Archips cerasivoranaCherry Tent Caterpillar, Cherry Worm, Ugly Nest Caterpillar
  • Archips purpuranaOmnivorous Leafroller Moth
  • Argyrotaenia velutinanaRed-Banded Leafroller Moth, Jack Pine Tube Moth
  • Automeris ioIo Moth
  • Besma quercivorariaOak Besma
  • Cabera variolariaPink-Striped Willow Spanworm Moth, Vestal Moth, The Vestal
  • Callosamia prometheaPromethea Silkmoth, Promethea Moth
  • Caloptilia stigmatellaPoplar Caloptilia
  • Catocala amatrixThe Sweetheart, Sweetheart Underwing
  • Catocala blandulaCharming Underwing
  • Catocala carissimaCarissima Underwing Moth, Southern Darling Underwing
  • Cecrita guttivittaMaple Prominent, Saddled Prominent
  • Cenopis pettitanaMaple-Basswood Leafroller Moth
  • Cenopis reticulatanaReticulated Fruitworm Moth
  • Chaetaglaea sericeaSilky Sallow
  • Charadra deridensThe Laugher
  • Chlosyne nycteisSilvery Checkerspot
  • Choristoneura rosaceanaOblique-Banded Leafroller Moth, Rosaceous Leaf Roller
  • Clostera albosigmaSigmoid Prominent
  • Clostera inclusaAngle-Lined Prominent, Poplar Tent Maker, Poplar Leaf-Tier
  • Coelodasys apicalisPlain Schizura
  • Coelodasys unicornisUnicorn Caterpillar Moth
  • Condylorrhiza vestigialisThe Alamo Moth
  • Crocigrapha normaniNorman's Quaker
  • Datana ministraYellow-Necked Caterpillar Moth
  • Dichomeris ligulellaPalmerworm
  • Eacles imperialisImperial Moth, Imperial Spiny Caterpillar
  • Ectropis crepusculariaThe Small Engrailed, Saddleback Looper
  • Ennomos magnariaMaple Spanworm Moth, Notchwing Geometer
  • Ennomos subsignariaElm Spanworm Moth
  • Epimecis hortariaTulip-Tree Beauty
  • Erannis tiliariaLinden Looper Moth, Western Winter Moth, Lime Looper
  • Estigmene acreaSalt Marsh Moth, Acrea Moth
  • Euchlaena deductariaForked Euchlaena
  • Eucirroedia pampinaScalloped Sallow
  • Euclea delphiniiSpiny Oak-Slug Moth
  • Eutrapela clematariaCurved-Tooth Geometer, Purplish Brown Looper
  • Euzophera semifuneralisAmerican Plum Borer
  • Furcula cinereaGray Furcula
  • Gesta icelusDreamy Duskywing
  • Glena cribratariaDotted Gray
  • Gluphisia septentrionisCommon Gluphisia
  • Gypsonoma haimbachianaCottonwood Twig Borer
  • Halysidota tessellarisBanded Tussock Moth, Pale Tiger Moth
  • Haploa contiguaThe Neighbor
  • Haploa leconteiLeconte's Haploa
  • Hyalophora cecropiaCecropia Silkmoth, Cecropia Moth
  • Hypagyrtis unipunctataOne-Spotted Variant
  • Hypena scabraGreen Cloverworm Bomolocha, Black Snout
  • Hyphantria cuneaFall Webworm
  • Iridopsis defectariaBrown-Shaded Gray, Willow Looper
  • Iridopsis larvariaBent-Line Gray
  • Kocakina fidelisIntractable Quaker, Green Fruitworm, Fourlined Green Fruitworm
  • Lacinipolia renigeraBristly Ground Cat, Bristly Cutworm Moth, Kidney Spotted "Mamestra"
  • Lambdina fiscellariaHemlock Looper, Western Oak Looper
  • Lithophane antennataAshen Pinion
  • Lithophane bethuneiBethune's Pinion
  • Lomographa semiclarataBluish Spring Moth, Wildcherry Looper
  • Lycia ypsilonWoolly Gray
  • Machimia tentoriferellaGold-Striped Leaftier Moth
  • Macrurocampa marthesiaMottled Prominent
  • Malacosoma americanaEastern Tent Caterpillar
  • Malacosoma disstriaForest Tent Caterpillar
  • Megalopyge crispataBlack-Waved Flannel Moth, Crinkled Flannel Moth
  • Melanolophia canadariaCanadian Melanolphia, Variable Redmarked Looper
  • Melanolophia signatariaSignate Melanolphia
  • Meroptera cviatellaPoplar Bud Borer
  • Metanema inatomariaPale Metanema
  • Metarranthis duariaRuddy Metarranthis
  • Morrisonia confusaConfused Woodgrain
  • Nadata gibbosaWhite-Dotted Prominent
  • Nemoria mimosariaWhite-Fringed Emerald
  • Nycteola metaspilellaSienna-Dotted Nycteola, Forgotten Frigid Owlet
  • Oedemasia concinnaRed-Humped Caterpillar, Red-Humped Appleworm
  • Oedemasia leptinoidesBlack-Blotched Schizura
  • Oedemasia semirufescensRed-Washed Prominent
  • Olethreutes appendiceumServiceberry Leafroller
  • Olethreutes fasciatanaBanded Olethreutes
  • Orgyia definitaDefinite Tussock Moth
  • Orgyia leucostigmaWhite-Marked Tussock Moth
  • Orthosia hibisciSpeckled Green Fruitworm Moth, Speckled Green Quaker
  • Pachysphinx modestaModest Sphinx, The Big Poplar Sphinx
  • Paleacrita vernataSpring Cankerworm Moth
  • Palthis angulalisDark-Spotted Palthis
  • Pandemis lamprosanaWoodgrain Leafroller
  • Pandemis limitataThree-Lined Leafroller Moth
  • Paonias excaecataBlinded Sphinx, Blind Eyed Sphinx
  • Paonias myopsSmall-Eyed Sphinx
  • Papaipema nebrisStalk Borer
  • Papilio cresphontesEastern Giant Swallowtail
  • Paranthrene dolliiPoplar Borer
  • Paranthrene tabaniformisDusky Clearwing
  • Parasa chlorisSmaller Parasa, Green Slug Moth
  • Parasa indeterminaStinging Rose Caterpillar Moth, Rose Slug Caterpillar
  • Phaeoura quernariaOak Beauty Moth
  • Pheosia rimosaBlack-Rimmed Prominent, Mirrowbacked Caterpillar
  • Phigalia titeaThe Half-Wing Geometer, Spiney Looper, Eastern Oak Looper
  • Phobetron pitheciumHag Moth, Monkey Slug
  • Phyllodesma americanaLappet Moth, American Lappet Moth, Southern Lappet Moth
  • Phyllonorycter propinquinellaCherry Blotch Leaf Miner
  • Phyllonorycter salicifoliellaWillow Leaf Blotch Miner
  • Plagodis alcoolariaHollow-Spotted Plagodis
  • Pococera aplastellaAspen Webworm Moth
  • Pococera asperatellaMaple Webworm
  • Polygonia interrogationisQuestion Mark
  • Prionoxystus robiniaeCarpenterworm Moth, Black Locust Borer, Cottonwood Borer
  • Probole amicariaFriendly Probole
  • Prochoerodes lineolaLarge Maple Spanworm Moth
  • Prolimacodes badiaSkiff Moth, Skiff Caterpillar
  • Protitame virginalisVirgin Moth
  • Protoboarmia porcelariaPorcelain Gray, Dashedlined Looper
  • Pseudothyatira cymatophoroidesTufted Thyatirid
  • Psilocorsis quercicellaOak Leaftier
  • Psilocorsis reflexellaDotted Leaftier Moth
  • Pyromorpha dimidiataOrange-Patched Smoky Moth
  • Pyrrhia ciliscaAmerican Bordered Sallow, Noble Sun Moth
  • Raphia fraterThe Brother, Yellow-Marked Caterpillar
  • Rheumaptera prunivorataFerguson's Scallop Shell, Cherry Scallop Shell
  • Satyrium liparopsStriped Hairstreak
  • Schizura ipomaeaeMorning-Glory Prominent, Checkered-Fringe Prominent
  • Scoliopteryx libatrixThe Herald
  • Selenia kentariaKent's Geometer
  • Smerinthus jamaicensisTwin-Spotted Sphinx
  • Sparganothis tristriataThree-Streaked Sparganothis
  • Sphinx kalmiaeFawn Sphinx, Laurel Sphinx
  • Spilosoma virginicaVirginian Tiger Moth, Yellow Woolybear Moth, Yellow Bear
  • Spodoptera ornithogalliYellow-Striped Armyworm Moth, Cotton Cutworm
  • Sunira bicoloragoBicolored Sallow
  • Synanthedon acerrubriRed Maple Borer, Maple Clearwing
  • Tetracis cachexiataWhite Slant-Line
  • Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformisEvergreen Bagworm Moth
  • Tolype velledaLarge Tolype, Large Lappet Moth, Vellada Lappet Moth
  • Xystopeplus rufagoRed-Winged Sallow
  • Zale minereaColorful Zale
  • Zanclognatha marcidilineaYellowish Fan-Foot
  • Anania extricalis
  • Bucculatrix staintonella
  • Diataga leptosceles
  • Dichomeris ventrellus
  • Framinghamia helvalis
  • Rhopobota finitimana
Shropshire & Tallamy 2025, Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico, ZooKeys 1261 (ODbL)
0BeesSoutheastern regional records
0Specialist beesPollen specialists
9BirdsRecorded genus food-resource interactions; not a state feeding claim

Recorded genus food-resource interactions; not a state feeding claim · Populus

  • Alectoris chukarChukar
  • Bonasa umbellusRuffed Grouse
  • Dendragapus obscurusDusky Grouse
  • Falcipennis canadensisSpruce Grouse
  • Lagopus lagopusWillow Ptarmigan
  • Lagopus mutaRock Ptarmigan
  • Pheucticus ludovicianusRose-breasted Grosbeak
  • Tympanuchus phasianellusSharp-tailed Grouse
  • Zenaida asiaticaWhite-winged Dove
Hurlbert, Olsen, Sawyer & Winner 2021, Avian Diet Database, Scientific Data 8: 260 (CC0)

Direct food only: birds recorded eating this genus across North America. Caterpillars on host plants also feed nesting birds. NC Native Plant Society: butterfly gardening

No records yet · Ants · Beetles · Flies · Adult butterflies / moths · Other wasps · Other insects

Growing and identification

Plant details

Family
Salicaceae
Flower color
White
Growth rate
Moderate
Growth habit
Single stem
Foliage color
Green
Fruit begins
Spring
Fruit ends
Summer

Safety has not been reviewed for this plant; check toxicity and thorns before planting.

Growing sources and scope

Conservation status

Mississippi rankS4S5
Global rankG5
MS statusNot verified
Federal statusNot verified

Conservation source Global and federal source

In your garden

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Sources