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Florida, Texas; montane Mexico and Central America; West Indies."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Late Apr-Jul; Jul-Aug."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, Can, FNA, GrPl, GW2, Mi, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WV, Ferguson (1966a); = Sambucus canadensis L. var. nigra — NcTx, name not published; = Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Bolli — Fl7, K1, K4, NE, NS, NY, WH3, Bolli (1994); = Sambucus nigra L. var. canadensis (Linnaeus) B.L. Turner; > Sambucus canadensis L. — S; > Sambucus canadensis L. var. canadensis — F, G, Tx; > Sambucus canadensis L. var. laciniata A. Gray; > Sambucus canadensis L. var. submollis Rehder — F, G, Tx; Sambucus nigra L. — Mex, Ok; > Sambucus nigra L. var. nigra — Il; > Sambucus nigra L. var. submollis — Il, Quoted; name not published; > Sambucus simpsonii Rehder ex Sarg. — S]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Bolli (1994) treated this taxon as a subspecies of a very broadly defined S. nigra . He recognized six subspecies: ssp. nigra in Europe, ssp. palmensis (Link) R. Bolli in the Canary Islands, ssp. maderensis (Lowe) R. Bolli in Madeira Island, ssp. canadensis in eastern North America, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies, ssp. cerulea (Rafinesque) R. Bolli of western North America, and ssp. peruviana (Kunth) R. Bolli of South America. We prefer to retain these taxa at species rank, particularly as Bolli stated \"the geographical races, in the following defined as subspecies, turned out to be the biological units in Sambucus \". Bolli further discussed three races within what is here called S. canadensis (his S. nigra ssp. canadensis ), one from eastern North America, another from montane Mexico and Central America, and a third from subtropical se. North America and the West Indies; he considered these geographic races to represent \"morphological and perhaps genetical\" differences, and that \"at present, all races are probably interconnected\". This variation may be worthy of taxonomic recognition at the varietal level, and these \"races\" have formerly been considered to be species or varieties. If given varietal recognition, plants of most of our area represent S. canadensis var. canadensis , while evergreen (or tardily deciduous), bipinnate plants of FL, s. GA, s. AL, s. MS, s. LA, se. TX, and the West Indies represent S. canadensis var. laciniata A. Gray. The variation is clinal, and bipinnate leaves are seen (at least) as far north as coastal NC."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The leaflets, particularly of young shoots or stunted sprouts, are often variegated. This is one of the first woody plants to leaf out in the spring."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"Organism","value":6},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"Organism","value":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6584,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"5,6+","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F2","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 4-8","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"com"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Bolli (1994) treated this taxon as a subspecies of a very broadly defined S. nigra . He recognized six subspecies: ssp. nigra in Europe, ssp. palmensis (Link) R. Bolli in the Canary Islands, ssp. maderensis (Lowe) R. Bolli in Madeira Island, ssp. canadensis in eastern North America, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies, ssp. cerulea (Rafinesque) R. Bolli of western North America, and ssp. peruviana (Kunth) R. Bolli of South America. We prefer to retain these taxa at species rank, particularly as Bolli stated \"the geographical races, in the following defined as subspecies, turned out to be the biological units in Sambucus \". Bolli further discussed three races within what is here called S. canadensis (his S. nigra ssp. canadensis ), one from eastern North America, another from montane Mexico and Central America, and a third from subtropical se. North America and the West Indies; he considered these geographic races to represent \"morphological and perhaps genetical\" differences, and that \"at present, all races are probably interconnected\". This variation may be worthy of taxonomic recognition at the varietal level, and these \"races\" have formerly been considered to be species or varieties. If given varietal recognition, plants of most of our area represent S. canadensis var. canadensis , while evergreen (or tardily deciduous), bipinnate plants of FL, s. GA, s. AL, s. MS, s. LA, se. TX, and the West Indies represent S. canadensis var. laciniata A. Gray. The variation is clinal, and bipinnate leaves are seen (at least) as far north as coastal NC.","geographic_range_description":"Nova Scotia west to Manitoba, south to s. Florida, Texas; montane Mexico and Central America; West Indies.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"5,6+","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl9,BlC","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F2","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 4-8","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"opp","Attr9":"com"},"habitat_description":"Bottomland and riparian forests, streambanks, thickets, marshes, swamps, seeps, spring runs, mesic upland forests, pond margins, pastures, fencerows, other disturbed areas.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":6,"identification_notes":"The leaflets, particularly of young shoots or stunted sprouts, are often variegated. This is one of the first woody plants to leaf out in the spring.","phenology_source_text":"Late Apr-Jul; Jul-Aug.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, Can, FNA, GrPl, GW2, Mi, Pa, POWO, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WV, Ferguson (1966a); = Sambucus canadensis L. var. nigra — NcTx, name not published; = Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Bolli — Fl7, K1, K4, NE, NS, NY, WH3, Bolli (1994); = Sambucus nigra L. var. canadensis (Linnaeus) B.L. Turner; > Sambucus canadensis L. — S; > Sambucus canadensis L. var. canadensis — F, G, Tx; > Sambucus canadensis L. var. laciniata A. Gray; > Sambucus canadensis L. var. submollis Rehder — F, G, Tx; Sambucus nigra L. — Mex, Ok; > Sambucus nigra L. var. nigra — Il; > Sambucus nigra L. var. submollis — Il, Quoted; name not published; > Sambucus simpsonii Rehder ex Sarg. — S]","wetland_source_note":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"}},"prairie_moon_2026":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Sambucus canadensis","page":13,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:34.396046+00:00","row_top":571.418,"scope":"Nursery cultural guide; height in flower; moisture categories retained as printed","source_label":"Prairie Moon 2026 Cultural Guide","source_sha256":"a0653d627b36184cd6bdd39aaea55efe2c15be3899976de28f978edc07a23cf1","source_url":"https://www.prairiemoon.com/catalogs/Prairie-Moon-Nursery-Cultural-Guide-2026.pdf","values":{"bloom_season":["June","July","August"],"flower_color":["White"],"height_description":"10 feet (in flower)","light":["Full sun (6+ hours)","Part shade (3–6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Wet-mesic","Mesic","Dry-mesic"]}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Sambucus canadensis","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":42834,"values":{"bloom_season":"Spring","flower_color":"White","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Spring","fruit_season_end":"Summer","growth_architecture":"Multiple Stem","growth_rate":"Rapid","height_ft":7,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"virginia_coastal":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Sambucus canadensis","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:37.533960+00:00","row_top":499.08259999999996,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Coastal Plain","source_sha256":"c7dc029781c9ba41743547b5b3234bbe1c4c027e3137534abdc4b4fe2cf39612","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/cp-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Full sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Moderate","High"]}},"virginia_piedmont":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Sambucus canadensis","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:36.632111+00:00","row_top":512.3197,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","source_sha256":"cb946fa6b7fa4ad5694d1debe04b04c392bc7389af2321eeab1ebcff381a5be3","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/pied-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Full sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Moderate","High"]}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Sambucus canadensis","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1049"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Sambucus canadensis","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N HI:I L48:N PB:I PR:N VI:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Sambucus canadensis","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to Kentucky (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Sambucus canadensis","taxon_id":"taxon:1d5da1bb-2b62-5e0e-8949-5ffacf547567","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"inat-962388","src":"/api/photos/image/d213f9523a9d1a776aa7ff223a7ca25698cce0c96866eaceb22649cc4466dcbc.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Sambucus canadensis — flower photograph","width":500,"height":333,"artist":"(c) Fluff Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/962388","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}