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not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["21009","21013","21043","21045","21073","21079","21109","21125","21129","21139","21141","21151","21165","21197","21203","21219","21235"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":true,"native_basis":"usda_l48_and_nc_flora_without_atlas_flag","native_evidence":[{"claim":"unknown","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3930"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["tnky:3930"],"source_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","source_refs":["KY-county-21013.json","KY-county-21043.json","KY-county-21045.json","KY-county-21073.json","KY-county-21079.json","KY-county-21109.json","KY-county-21125.json","KY-county-21129.json","KY-county-21139.json","KY-county-21141.json","KY-county-21151.json","KY-county-21165.json","KY-county-21197.json","KY-county-21203.json","KY-county-21219.json","KY-county-21235.json","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3930","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["KY-county-21013.json","KY-county-21043.json","KY-county-21045.json","KY-county-21073.json","KY-county-21079.json","KY-county-21109.json","KY-county-21125.json","KY-county-21129.json","KY-county-21139.json","KY-county-21141.json","KY-county-21151.json","KY-county-21165.json","KY-county-21197.json","KY-county-21203.json","KY-county-21219.json","KY-county-21235.json","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3930","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 31 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Strong","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:8de9a94660b5d8bbd67e28317f2c3c2d763d9b2e81c0add3fcd2fc7ce7fba003","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[4,4],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rudbeckia-fulgida/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:0b2261d836c4f28abe20c531c971e53dea3304c99c424673511f67198ff5afca","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":null,"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"soil_drainage","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rudbeckia-fulgida/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["13193","13225","13321","21009","21013","21043","21045","21073","21079","21109","21125","21129","21139","21141","21151","21165","21197","21203","21219","21235","37015","37025","37033","37035","37037","37047","37051","37057","37063","37067","37071","37077","37081","37083","37097","37105","37111","37119","37123","37135","37145","37149","37151","37153","37159","37161","37167","37171","37179","37181","37183","45005","45021","45075","45079","47011","47013","47021","47025","47031","47039","47041","47043","47051","47055","47057","47059","47061","47063","47065","47073","47079","47093","47105","47115","47119","47121","47123","47129","47163","47171"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 31 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":75,"state":"KY"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"extension":{"identity_basis":"Exact genus/species fields on cached page","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","retrieved":"2026-09-30T17:45:35.328391+00:00","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"f1b823506c6828a2e0799aeb1cc335819f9c339e725fff1281247ee181c53d8f","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rudbeckia-fulgida/","values":{"bloom_season":["Fall","Summer"],"flower_color":["Black","Gold/Yellow","Orange"],"hardiness_zones":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_feet":[2,3],"leaf_habit":["Broadleaf Evergreen"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry"],"nc_regions":["Coastal","Mountains","Piedmont"],"soil_drainage":["Good Drainage","Moist","Occasionally Dry"],"width_feet":[1,2]}},"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","source_record_id":6308,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Dry to wet meadows."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":"New York and Illinois south to Florida and Alabama."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Aug-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= F, Il, Mi, Tat, Tn; = Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton var. fulgida — C, FNA21, G, K1, K4, Oh3, Pa, SE1, Campbell & Seymour (2013); > Rudbeckia acuminata C.L.Boynton & Beadle — S; > Rudbeckia foliosa C.L.Boynton & Beadle — S; Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton — Fl7, GW2, POWO, RAB, Va, W, WH3; > Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton — S; Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton var. fulgida — NS]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":"{add to synonymy, especially Z}"},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"Organism","value":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6308,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr08","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"en,to","Attr11":"bo","Attr12":"ye","Attr13":"br,pur","Attr14":"scal","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 7-11","Attr5":"gl,pu","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n,y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"si"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"{add to synonymy, especially Z}","geographic_range_description":"New York and Illinois south to Florida and Alabama.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr08","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"en,to","Attr11":"bo","Attr12":"ye","Attr13":"br,pur","Attr14":"scal","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 7-11","Attr5":"gl,pu","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n,y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"si"},"habitat_description":"Dry to wet meadows.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":9,"phenology_source_text":"Aug-Oct.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= F, Il, Mi, Tat, Tn; = Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton var. fulgida — C, FNA21, G, K1, K4, Oh3, Pa, SE1, Campbell & Seymour (2013); > Rudbeckia acuminata C.L.Boynton & Beadle — S; > Rudbeckia foliosa C.L.Boynton & Beadle — S; Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton — Fl7, GW2, POWO, RAB, Va, W, WH3; > Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton — S; Rudbeckia fulgida W. Aiton var. fulgida — NS]","wetland_source_note":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","modified":"2022-04-14T18:07:07+00:00","page_id":"5108","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/flowers/common-name/perennial-black-eyed-susan-orange-coneflower/","values":{"height_description":"2-3 feet","light":["Full sun"],"moisture_categories":["medium to moderately dry"]}},"virginia_piedmont":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:36.632111+00:00","row_top":686.6697,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","source_sha256":"cb946fa6b7fa4ad5694d1debe04b04c392bc7389af2321eeab1ebcff381a5be3","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/pied-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Partial sun (minimum requirement)","Full sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Low","Moderate"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"unknown","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3930"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to Kentucky (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Rudbeckia fulgida","taxon_id":"taxon:8c491be3-2e48-5e7c-beeb-ba09af89b0c0","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"recovery-ncsu-rudbeckia-fulgida-13480","src":"/api/photos/image/b0c0c38678579b82dc9a029ec8de93e47dc2668ea7e828672fdb5fddda50b02e.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Rudbeckia fulgida — bloom photograph","width":1024,"height":768,"artist":"Susan Strine","license":"CC BY 2.0","license_url":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rudbeckia-fulgida/","changes":"Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}