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Uses the shared species harm profile established from NC evidence; not a state agency severity rating.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Kentucky percentile","score":-30,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"3","native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Existing shared species harm profile from NC source","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:1b46b64c0899c854372d30d6e61caa1856e6ccd99a1b150bf790c12c9dec5239","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:1b45048a690e8a108c1ebe5c0f46de88509ed9cab78ec10f569f8679aa14c97a","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Shrub"],"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["21005","21017","21041","21111","21185","21201"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["21005","21017","21041","21111","21185","21201"],"growth_habit":"shrub","growth_habit_source":"tnky_atlas","invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"2013 category 1","rank":1,"scientific_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","state":"KY","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"invasive_rank":1,"native":false,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1372"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"KY","source":"ky_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["tnky:1372"],"source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_refs":["KY-county-21005.json","KY-county-21017.json","KY-county-21041.json","KY-county-21111.json","KY-county-21185.json","KY-county-21201.json","ky_invasive","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1372","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["KY-county-21005.json","KY-county-21017.json","KY-county-21041.json","KY-county-21111.json","KY-county-21185.json","KY-county-21201.json","ky_invasive","sernec_county"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1372","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Harmful","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:1b46b64c0899c854372d30d6e61caa1856e6ccd99a1b150bf790c12c9dec5239","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:1b45048a690e8a108c1ebe5c0f46de88509ed9cab78ec10f569f8679aa14c97a","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["21005","21017","21041","21111","21185","21201","47013","47157"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[1,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. 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Reported for Virginia by Harvill et al. 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The tree form typically reaches about 16 to 26 feet (5-8 m) tall [38,54,68,77,200,242] and 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter [54].","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","paragraph_sha256":"c1751bb4b660fc419e82c48f60b66c2fe57df27dcd8cf90f239e816c27c11343","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:43:09.905535+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Common buckthorn is a large shrub [6,35,38,68,77,77,200,202] or small tree [38,54,68,77,200,242]. It is a polymorphic species within its native range, likely due to hybridization with other buckthorns [120]. In North America, common buckthorn is described as a large, coarse shrub [26,200], often as wide as high [202], with many stems [71] and many branches [77,202], or with a single main stem and ascending branches [35] (see Plant Architecture and Stand Structure). The shrub form typically ranges from about 3 to 13 feet (1-4 m) tall [6,35,77,202], sometimes up to 16 to 20 feet (5-6 m) [38,68,77,200]. The tree form typically reaches about 16 to 26 feet (5-8 m) tall [38,54,68,77,200,242] and 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter [54]. Common buckthorn individuals are typically less than 13 feet (4 m) tall in Canada [175]. A common buckthorn tree reached 61 feet (~19 m) tall in Ann Arbor, Michigan [48]. Mature common buckthorn plants have long, somewhat angled shoots [175] with branches forming almost right angles with the main stem [71]. Branchlets are stout [200] and semirigid [202], 1.5 to 2 mm in diameter, and slightly flattened [202]. Many branches end in a single, small thorn [35,38,54,68,200,230] ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 inch (0.5-2.2 cm) long [175]. Young common buckthorn bark is smooth [202]; older bark is somewhat scaly [71,202] or fissured [71].","source_section":"Rhamnus cathartica, R. davurica, nonnative buckthorns: common buckthorn, Dahurian buckthorn / Botanical Description / Common Buckthorn / Aboveground Description","source_sha256":"07b5be7d75ce621ebc33fc09510857af410c46f144161badd6662e2285a4595f","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Rhamnus cathartica","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/rhaspp"}],"values":{"height_description":"The shrub form typically ranges from about 3 to 13 feet (1-4 m) tall [6,35,77,202], sometimes up to 16 to 20 feet (5-6 m) [38,68,77,200]. The tree form typically reaches about 16 to 26 feet (5-8 m) tall [38,54,68,77,200,242] and 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter [54]."}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:39:14.497591+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"885a6a3844cb0986509352a94fe867959ed3c436336e584db026774b5fbd5198","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/common-buckthorn","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:117796b68a99b45730b5566b617b723094b9477ddf568fe1751eed0a58e3a1e3","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:14.497591+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"885a6a3844cb0986509352a94fe867959ed3c436336e584db026774b5fbd5198","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/common-buckthorn","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":{"kind":"upper_bound","max":20,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:54361d5f833f1885433863c6d49a828b2cd8955d23f9b1883ffcd845ee506039","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:14.497591+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"885a6a3844cb0986509352a94fe867959ed3c436336e584db026774b5fbd5198","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/tree/common-buckthorn","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["perennial woody"]}],"values":{"height_description":"Up to 20 feet","life_cycle":["perennial woody"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:1222484c8aae38b16fe800256636117ae937d8641da57477c2c728a6ea6d65f9","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":{"max":20,"min":15,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:3b7f84405b30887056a93cadc244d8c034dc7a9f38788a5d3caf2f163007abe6","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:42284663d974de74b1c5a96a25078afdd95441e7e3d25233901a376b8cbbc345","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:465987edaeed097a57fd24776e20135086938c9fedf40a8bd41015462c526193","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["Gold/Yellow","Green"]},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:46c7e5023e72f55f40a0da6998bd224e64f9ce285a66d82167cb2fc8144439b0","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:b1b1fbada858c075ee302e94be560d3a2346d8874f38c7c8150a2449ad74d599","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"]},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:d41d2ca805c9ebcd930532c39dc5cf909ad32885c5d0cf892784f618fc963ca9","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["Woody"]},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:dafe0d6d57a2310cdadde92a7a247a1fa7f95c5e1595bf4bac1f9c02e6047928","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:f309793ed960a0d6b47b0aef758746c6ef8d9dd2129ae857c2f0982b752cf85b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:43:16.755618+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","source_sha256":"322f5831a60f9f4d41f81846b33bc82c46468c09f04400b7c3a1780287864991","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/rhamnus-cathartica/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","value":{"max":30,"min":18,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow","Green"],"hardiness_zones":["3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b"],"height_description":"18–30 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Woody"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"],"soil_ph_categories":["Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"15–20 feet"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1372"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"KY","source":"ky_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to Kentucky","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Rhamnus cathartica","taxon_id":"taxon:15eab8b5-2d8e-5cca-9574-bc090be55986","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[]}