{"assessment":{"band":"Harmful","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":"https://ncwildflower.org/invasive-exotic-species-list/","invasive_evidence":[{"category":"2013 category 2","rank":2,"scientific_name":"Pastinaca sativa","state":"KY","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in Kentucky; do not plant. Uses the shared species harm profile established from NC evidence; not a state agency severity rating.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Kentucky percentile","score":-30,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"3","native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Existing shared species harm profile from NC source","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:09ba37295a72fca41890cbf39d4c007736bab04391f30e29604baa89bd1a6a70","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:d7424296ba024a562a7ba26049a89c71a22720d38e5693b3a209e000aa5533fa","levels":[1,3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[1,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Forb/herb"],"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["21011","21013","21017","21023","21037","21043","21047","21049","21067","21073","21079","21103","21111","21113","21117","21135","21137","21151","21167","21191","21211"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; 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county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"sap_hazard","default_excluded":true,"label":"Sap / sunlight hazard","message":"Avoid skin and eye contact with sap. Sap exposure followed by sunlight can cause burns or dermatitis.","source":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/"}],"review_status":"reviewed"},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-30,"state":"KY"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":true,"flags":[{"code":"sap_hazard","default_excluded":true,"label":"Sap / sunlight hazard","message":"Avoid skin and eye contact with sap. Sap exposure followed by sunlight can cause burns or dermatitis.","source":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/"}],"review_status":"reviewed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Pastinaca sativa","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","source_record_id":6730,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Roadsides, fields."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of Europe, well established throughout the northern portion of our region and a rare waif or escape from cultivation southward."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Jun-Jul; Jul-Aug."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, Can, F, FNA13, GrPl, Il, K1, K4, MC, Meso4.1, Mi, Mo2, NE, NY, Ok, Pa, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WV; = Pastinaca sativa ssp. sativa — POWO; > Pastinaca sativa L. var. hortensis Ehrhart — G; > Pastinaca sativa var. pratensis — NS; > Pastinaca sativa L. var. sativa — G, NS]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"Organism","value":"This species has long been cultivated for the edible taproot, but caution is needed when handling the plants as they are known to cause photodermatitis (Ball 2024q)."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":6730,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_mt,sc_pd,","Attr10":"in,nr","Attr11":"5,6+","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DC,DSN","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,","Attr4":" 5-8","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"c","Attr9":"in,nr"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"This species has long been cultivated for the edible taproot, but caution is needed when handling the plants as they are known to cause photodermatitis (Ball 2024q).","geographic_range_description":"Native of Europe, well established throughout the northern portion of our region and a rare waif or escape from cultivation southward.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_mt,sc_pd,","Attr10":"in,nr","Attr11":"5,6+","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"rad","Attr14":"5","Attr15":"ye","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DC,DSN","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,","Attr4":" 5-8","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"alt","Attr8":"c","Attr9":"in,nr"},"habitat_description":"Roadsides, fields.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":9,"phenology_source_text":"Jun-Jul; Jul-Aug.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, Can, F, FNA13, GrPl, Il, K1, K4, MC, Meso4.1, Mi, Mo2, NE, NY, Ok, Pa, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WV; = Pastinaca sativa ssp. sativa — POWO; > Pastinaca sativa L. var. hortensis Ehrhart — G; > Pastinaca sativa var. pratensis — NS; > Pastinaca sativa L. var. sativa — G, NS]"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Pastinaca sativa","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:37:47.258487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"909e362158c37c37ab7f76f23d3f8dd91820c9bda6d3396d87a22028366a6f5b","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/wild-parsnip","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:213fdf42544bf5a64901b025f7d015d59b362b83841fa796c3e7e0bee99189d5","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:47.258487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","source_sha256":"909e362158c37c37ab7f76f23d3f8dd91820c9bda6d3396d87a22028366a6f5b","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/wild-parsnip","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a68a178c-1da9-58bd-8af8-8bc763d61434","value":{"max":5,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:89ee5ce14baae0dbdf45f40c7d506bac98e2b3d0cec261b46d08421534f06a1f","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:47.258487+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","source_sha256":"909e362158c37c37ab7f76f23d3f8dd91820c9bda6d3396d87a22028366a6f5b","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/wild-parsnip","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a68a178c-1da9-58bd-8af8-8bc763d61434","value":["biennial, short-lived perennial"]}],"values":{"height_description":"2–5 feet","life_cycle":["biennial, short-lived perennial"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Pastinaca sativa","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:41:04.923385+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"c62ba6dbb670d288b67eaefd3bea61170a2f074eb0b447dd603cfd82047babd0","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:2952061724ed486e442c7eeba8048a9e4494e2cf475eaddf8207c15217358c59","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:04.923385+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","source_sha256":"c62ba6dbb670d288b67eaefd3bea61170a2f074eb0b447dd603cfd82047babd0","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a68a178c-1da9-58bd-8af8-8bc763d61434","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:a9eb826f5b6745668208173fb62b24bd079a551d0248bfc3d575194ac514938c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:04.923385+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","source_sha256":"c62ba6dbb670d288b67eaefd3bea61170a2f074eb0b447dd603cfd82047babd0","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a68a178c-1da9-58bd-8af8-8bc763d61434","value":["Biennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:f8533433409dfa2a8569501d27d611806b0bdcf5d07d026eb525b2cd757ab27e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:04.923385+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","source_sha256":"c62ba6dbb670d288b67eaefd3bea61170a2f074eb0b447dd603cfd82047babd0","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a68a178c-1da9-58bd-8af8-8bc763d61434","value":["Gold/Yellow"]},{"expected_source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:fc3de480b6acfb9dc1558d2603eaf1fd002a38731338c8f9d1f29319db65832e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:41:04.923385+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","source_sha256":"c62ba6dbb670d288b67eaefd3bea61170a2f074eb0b447dd603cfd82047babd0","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/pastinaca-sativa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:a68a178c-1da9-58bd-8af8-8bc763d61434","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gold/Yellow"],"life_cycle":["Biennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Pastinaca sativa","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3475"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Pastinaca sativa","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:W L48:I SPM:W","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"KY","source":"ky_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to Kentucky","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Pastinaca sativa","taxon_id":"taxon:a68a178c-1da9-58bd-8af8-8bc763d61434","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"inat-706765996","src":"/api/photos/image/d39430cc5ab70265e973e29880eac39914cd4094aa1a03de6873b073d1e6dfef.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Pastinaca sativa — flower photograph","width":375,"height":500,"artist":"no rights reserved","license":"CC0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/706765996","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}