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Flower visits are a resource-use proxy, not confirmed feeding or pollination. Missing evidence is unknown. 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North Carolina, se. Tennessee, and ne. Georgia (part of the northern range is likely only by introduction)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Jul-Sep; Sep-Oct."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= C, F, G, GrPl, Il, K1, Mi, Mo3, NE, NY, Pa, S, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WV, McClintock & Epling (1942), Scora (1967); Monarda didyma L. — RAB]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"Organism","value":"McClintock & Epling (1942) describe two forms of M. didyma : the \"broad-leaved form\", with leaves averaging 9.2 cm long and 5.2 cm wide and corollas averaging 35 mm long, ranging south to sc. PA and ne. WV, and the \"narrow-leaved form\", with leaves averaging 11.8 cm long and 4.4 cm wide and corollas averaging 39 mm long, occurring throughout the range of the species. Further study seems warranted."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"Organism","value":5},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"UPL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"Organism","value":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5364,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"re","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DC","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 6-10","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"glb","Attr7":"opp","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,nr"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"McClintock & Epling (1942) describe two forms of M. didyma : the \"broad-leaved form\", with leaves averaging 9.2 cm long and 5.2 cm wide and corollas averaging 35 mm long, ranging south to sc. PA and ne. WV, and the \"narrow-leaved form\", with leaves averaging 11.8 cm long and 4.4 cm wide and corollas averaging 39 mm long, occurring throughout the range of the species. Further study seems warranted.","geographic_range_description":"Maine west to Michigan, south to Pennsylvania and Ohio, and in the Appalachians south to sw. North Carolina, se. Tennessee, and ne. Georgia (part of the northern range is likely only by introduction).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"s","Attr13":"bil","Attr15":"re","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DC","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y,n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 6-10","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"glb","Attr7":"opp","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in,nr"},"habitat_description":"Seepage slopes, periglacial boulderfields with abundant seepage, streambanks, boggy places, usually in strong to moderately filtered sunlight.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":5,"phenology_source_text":"Jul-Sep; Sep-Oct.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"UPL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= C, F, G, GrPl, Il, K1, Mi, Mo3, NE, NY, Pa, S, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WV, McClintock & Epling (1942), Scora (1967); Monarda didyma L. — RAB]","wetland_source_note":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Monarda didyma","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:20044f14f8e2802c3ae64a01ce3c692d1895e8ecaa2d8f8b894fe70b3f2b7d4d","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:2633a85bd2a20704cd58328421621ce06bb627bf891e93c7b568614f73060462","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":["Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:4617c12d673eb1452c8a44855d5ea1a7b8cffa81c1f59829f63e7d30cca1d0ba","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:52828c5788c25b1c2fbf59c686ef8becaab166e03b25902d286fe10f875ca85b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":["Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:57cc47cf0567685196c0bbc31e01a073cefce41967dace401cb03028b23c178d","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":{"max":3,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:6208eacd50390c606daa93db2a56e3e47b5bdac364ab748fc758f0c250f8fdc9","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":["Moist","Occasionally Wet"]},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:903bf41e4b9c3ba85ab1465efa23b8c82877a89c2c5891f198707dad4758cf57","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:9e26636a29bfaac76c9c265d8cb4a315ca29e95efc1aaa208fbd7faaa953c798","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":["Red/Burgundy"]},{"expected_source_name":"Monarda didyma","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:db2f0c03c838a9daf139fc334a845dc55f05cac996865b6193698abe3c58a3be","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:39:59.130509+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Monarda didyma","source_sha256":"0930266bf584549618bb84b4bd1cc95f39d7d5b1a4cf927612ad6fa80df74449","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/monarda-didyma/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","value":{"max":4,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"flower_color":["Red/Burgundy"],"hardiness_zones":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"height_description":"2–4 feet","leaf_habit":["Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Wet"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"2–3 feet"}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Monarda didyma","modified":"2017-02-06T14:48:22+00:00","page_id":"242","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/flowers/common-name/beebalm-monarda-didyma/","values":{"height_description":"2-4 ft","light":["Full to part sun"],"moisture_categories":["moderately wet to medium"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Monarda didyma","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/2724"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Monarda didyma","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Monarda didyma","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to Kentucky (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Monarda didyma","taxon_id":"taxon:06c7757e-716e-500a-aaba-f8c32913eeb3","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"nc:monarda-didyma","src":"/api/photos/image/73cb0fb0213add1be1a4a211bbc63973f0eab7834a22bb5d01042987ec06853f.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Monarda didyma — bloom photograph","width":960,"height":1280,"artist":"Alex Abair","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monarda_didyma_inflorescence_and_upper_cauline_leaves.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching"},{"id":"monarda-didyma-6691558","src":"/api/photos/image/2cbb470cfc94abad15c73f5d4ce3e4d8cde9418edd5ac7591c285ee26fa8bdd5.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Monarda didyma — bloom photograph","width":960,"height":686,"artist":"Joe Schneid, Louisville, Kentucky","license":"CC BY 3.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RubyThroatedHummingbird(Crop).jpg","changes":"Source photograph is an existing crop; locally reused Wikimedia thumbnail without additional crop or retouching."},{"id":"monarda-didyma-58412109","src":"/api/photos/image/a0f4938802971961759145f3162360b804c436086aede7c5c93ab7835f7d2c3e.jpg","view":"bloom","alt":"Monarda didyma — bloom photograph","width":960,"height":1440,"artist":"Burkhard Mücke","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indiandernessel_(Monarda_didyma)4.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching"}]}