{"assessment":{"band":"Not native","fit_score":null,"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Reported non-native to Kentucky.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Kentucky percentile","score":null,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":false,"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"state_rank":"SNA"},"status":"not_native","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:f74a0eae32e5cb0541f6de5de001ec823f8620db1913c067e1e9c4a3d47ff831","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:a1edf2192fca48111340862e1dd95f7fce706cf02df789e2b3eb1a5d28ad5161","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":["Tree"],"invasive_status":{"status":"unresolved"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["21067"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["21067"],"growth_habit":"tree","growth_habit_source":"tnky_atlas","invasive":null,"invasive_evidence":[],"invasive_rank":null,"native":false,"native_evidence":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Frangula alnus","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1414"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Frangula alnus","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["tnky:1414"],"source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_refs":["KY-county-21067.json"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1414","state_rank":"SNA"},"source_refs":["KY-county-21067.json"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1414","state_rank":{"value":"SNA"}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Not native","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:f74a0eae32e5cb0541f6de5de001ec823f8620db1913c067e1e9c4a3d47ff831","levels":[2,3,4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[2,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:a1edf2192fca48111340862e1dd95f7fce706cf02df789e2b3eb1a5d28ad5161","levels":[3],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[3,3],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["21067","47115"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[2,4],"moisture":[3,3],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. 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This species is a seriously invasive weed in ne. United States, south to (at least) New Jersey, s. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Klein 1993; Rhoads & Block 2007), Kentucky, and se. Tennessee (Marion County) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997, Kral 1981), and w. North Carolina (where recently found in a forested area along the Blue Ridge Parkway)."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3273,"source_table":"Organism","value":"May-Jun; Jul-Sep."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3273,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Can, FNA12, K1, K4, Mi, NE, NS, NY, Va; = n/a — RAB, Tat; = Rhamnus frangula L. — C, F, G, Mo3, Pa; > Frangula alnus ssp. alnus — POWO; > Frangula alnus P. Miller var. alnus — Il; > Frangula alnus P. Miller var. angustifolia (Loudon) Mohlenbr. — Il]"},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3273,"source_table":"Organism","value":7},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3273,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3273,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3273,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3273,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_mt,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"gr,ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"s,t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"geographic_range_description":"Native of Europe. This species is a seriously invasive weed in ne. United States, south to (at least) New Jersey, s. Pennsylvania (Rhoads & Klein 1993; Rhoads & Block 2007), Kentucky, and se. Tennessee (Marion County) (Chester, Wofford, & Kral 1997, Kral 1981), and w. North Carolina (where recently found in a forested area along the Blue Ridge Parkway).","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_mt,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh,wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"5","Attr19":"gr,ye","Attr2":"Dry,Moist","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1","Attr3":"Part,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_mt:n,","Attr4":" 4-7","Attr5":"s,t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Forested areas, other disturbed areas.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist"],"heliophily_index":7,"phenology_source_text":"May-Jun; Jul-Sep.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Can, FNA12, K1, K4, Mi, NE, NS, NY, Va; = n/a — RAB, Tat; = Rhamnus frangula L. — C, F, G, Mo3, Pa; > Frangula alnus ssp. alnus — POWO; > Frangula alnus P. Miller var. alnus — Il; > Frangula alnus P. Miller var. angustifolia (Loudon) Mohlenbr. — Il]"}},"forest_service":{"identity_basis":"Exact existing catalog or state-source name","matched_name":"Frangula alnus","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:43.818015+00:00","scope":"Source botanical description; original units and scope retained","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"Fire Effects Information System: Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"626d5a9f1fa6c113bf1900c0c960a66eec1809fac80ce4750ad95418fa908e75","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/fraaln","trait_evidence":[{"catalog_id":"nc:frangula-alnus","field":"height_description","height_description":"up to 23 feet (7 m) tall","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Frangula alnus","paragraph_sha256":"1df4c89051d0106373b67ceee9f05ba60999a8f20adad6376a3d79b3bf4acf21","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:43.818015+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Glossy buckthorn grows as a multistemmed shrub or single-stemmed small tree up to 23 feet (7 m) tall [21,28,60,83]. Trees produce stout, erect branches [9]. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arranged alternately. Blades are dark-green and shiny above, measure 2 to 3 inches (5-8 cm) long, and are about half as wide. Margins are entire to slightly wavy [9,28,83]. Studies in European habitats suggest that plant age and site conditions can affect glossy buckthorn's appearance. While common as a multistemmed shrub when young, glossy buckthorn develops into a small tree with age. In the shade, shrub forms are sparse and leaves are larger, thinner, and less rigid than those in the sun [31]. Glossy buckthorn flowers are small (diameter <6 mm), inconspicuous, and occur singly or in clusters of 2 to 8. The 2- to 3-seeded, berrylike drupe fruits occur in small clusters [9,28,83]. As of 2008, descriptions of the glossy buckthorn root systems were generally lacking, although its shallow root system has been described as \"extensive\" (Fagan, personal observation cited in [20]).","source_section":"Frangula alnus, glossy buckthorn / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"626d5a9f1fa6c113bf1900c0c960a66eec1809fac80ce4750ad95418fa908e75","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Frangula alnus","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/fraaln"}],"values":{"height_description":"up to 23 feet (7 m) tall"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Frangula alnus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:34:37.437448+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"749cf96684ce9b12d09e77306a377d923718e8ade0eb0890d571cf75bc560273","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/glossy-buckthorn","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:0cc4a1f5958e2db3b6fac5f81b6530e262a4c8c04f6d0a25209dd5fc5a74cea7","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:37.437448+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"749cf96684ce9b12d09e77306a377d923718e8ade0eb0890d571cf75bc560273","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/glossy-buckthorn","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":{"kind":"upper_bound","max":20,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:62528145bbcc20667a309b63cc25eed8c95fc6cdfdb732032c92203027d6173d","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:37.437448+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"749cf96684ce9b12d09e77306a377d923718e8ade0eb0890d571cf75bc560273","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/shrub/glossy-buckthorn","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["perennial woody"]}],"values":{"height_description":"Up to 20 feet","life_cycle":["perennial woody"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Frangula alnus","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:0025ecb44951640c7e0192627589fccf6efec3e04324ee7b79d14d05a12800d9","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":{"max":16,"min":10,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:0b63c674cca5ad26c6dd5adecb932f5157d6f58624d8b1b2248987e8665c93d5","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:1b5f7021baad63580427a2940cedc4ded9fba54b2238535f3d63d95575713380","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"leaf_habit","original_field":"leaf_habit","record_id":"trait:1b73e2f5043157984c6237b2e308632a84a83bba5079dde8ff3bf6fc0c6673fd","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["Broadleaf Evergreen","Deciduous"]},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:2a297bca378c9aabe21ee7f3b4ff2107088668e3f36fe44f3e91df95c246d220","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:7413fb6058925c908d5ec1b3cddef2870ee0f6df2cb51d92eae60639d7f6acf8","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["Black","Gold/Yellow","Green","Purple/Lavender"]},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:bfb3fbd6719356637f652fcb7cf928b9620a5bb729138e95a5670b210ddcbe44","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["Occasionally Wet"]},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"spread_description","original_field":"spread","record_id":"trait:c3e621fced31ff57ca577c263333577f10f4f11f75b807f2148e453426446995","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":{"max":12,"min":8,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Frangula alnus","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:c4e08b2781f052bf677d0e4e671114f3b7fd95cefb3d8b7e4209fe9c60aabe5e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:35:45.208422+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Frangula alnus","source_sha256":"f8657d3d534856c0711a12a468a8f0ba62c31ad894ac27fd67775bbf524f4934","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/frangula-alnus/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","value":["Woody"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Black","Gold/Yellow","Green","Purple/Lavender"],"hardiness_zones":["2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b"],"height_description":"10–16 feet","leaf_habit":["Broadleaf Evergreen","Deciduous"],"life_cycle":["Woody"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Occasionally Wet"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"],"spread_description":"8–12 feet"}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Frangula alnus","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/1414"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Frangula alnus","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to Kentucky","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Frangula alnus","taxon_id":"taxon:1d058745-66a9-58e4-80f1-23487a543cb3","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[]}