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Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":null,"state":"KY"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","source_record_id":3266,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Forests and woodlands in suburban areas, spread by birds; this species is an increasingly aggressive invasive across much of our region."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Native of Japan."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Oct-Nov; Mar-Apr."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, FNA10, K1, K4, NcTx, NE, NS, POWO, RAB, Tn, Va, WH3; = n/a — C, Tat]"},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"Organism","value":6},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":3266,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"pel","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"4","Attr19":"wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_mt:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 9-12","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"x","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"geographic_range_description":"Native of Japan.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pin","Attr12":"unl","Attr13":"nt","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"pel","Attr17":"rad","Attr18":"4","Attr19":"wh","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"y","Attr21":"F1","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_sc_cp:n,native_sc_mt:n,native_sc_pd:n,native_ga_cp:n,native_ga_mt:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 9-12","Attr5":"s","Attr6":"x","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"},"habitat_description":"Forests and woodlands in suburban areas, spread by birds; this species is an increasingly aggressive invasive across much of our region.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":6,"phenology_source_text":"Oct-Nov; Mar-Apr.","taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, FNA10, K1, K4, NcTx, NE, NS, POWO, RAB, Tn, Va, WH3; = n/a — C, Tat]"}},"forest_service":{"identity_basis":"Exact existing catalog or state-source name","matched_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:36.785032+00:00","scope":"Source botanical description; original units and scope retained","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"Fire Effects Information System: Elaeagnus pungens","source_sha256":"9ad3c49eb4e2b2a109e153b699b1cf63a64a128bae86a7c256263fe0ee49f3e9","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/elapun","trait_evidence":[{"catalog_id":"nc:elaeagnus-pungens","field":"height_description","height_description":"may reach 25 feet (7.6 m) tall","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","paragraph_sha256":"2a348355413d10144a33b027f7a1c75875d2fd8a5c363c8ff8c3395689e80756","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:36.785032+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Thorny-olive is a multistemmed, freely branched, dense shrub [22,37,42]. It may reach 25 feet (7.6 m) tall and 15 feet (4.6 m) wide [15,37]. Once established, thorny-olive produces prolific, fast-growing stem sprouts, which allow shrubs to increase in size and \"scramble\" through neighboring vegetation [22,37]. Stem bark is armed with \"rather nasty\", 2- to 3-inch (5-8 cm) long thorns [15]. Leaves are simple, evergreen, arranged alternately, and typically measure 1.6 to 4 inches (4-10 cm) long and less than half as wide [15,42]. The undersides of leaves are ashy white and flecked with brown scales [60]. Thorny-olive produces tubular flowers that are about 1 cm long and occur in clusters of up to 3 [37]. Fruits are single-seeded drupes that are 1 to 1.5 cm long [37,42].","source_section":"Elaeagnus pungens, thorny-olive / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"9ad3c49eb4e2b2a109e153b699b1cf63a64a128bae86a7c256263fe0ee49f3e9","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Elaeagnus pungens","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/elapun"}],"values":{"height_description":"may reach 25 feet (7.6 m) tall"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:34:51.045951+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"95eadc3b59eea6ff3e9405159e00a2eec2d24455d43815f04dd29d8ecbce4ee1","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/elaeagnus-pungens/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:0f8b77d72b43001f36e8e3a8fbfe1a89e18bf456703fa6e1e04b933fcd77e61c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:51.045951+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","source_sha256":"95eadc3b59eea6ff3e9405159e00a2eec2d24455d43815f04dd29d8ecbce4ee1","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/elaeagnus-pungens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:be0fdafb-e2ea-50fe-a59e-7199b241a637","value":["Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"]},{"expected_source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:1266e4218928a7699c577ac0fd01305310f4096f36a978a640e0e467b17ca26b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:51.045951+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","source_sha256":"95eadc3b59eea6ff3e9405159e00a2eec2d24455d43815f04dd29d8ecbce4ee1","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/elaeagnus-pungens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:be0fdafb-e2ea-50fe-a59e-7199b241a637","value":["Woody"]},{"expected_source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:150ccbff5a323fbc10cd999d8c4bbcf3de6a8e0a8e8f841df7dc433522aa5d19","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:51.045951+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","source_sha256":"95eadc3b59eea6ff3e9405159e00a2eec2d24455d43815f04dd29d8ecbce4ee1","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/elaeagnus-pungens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:be0fdafb-e2ea-50fe-a59e-7199b241a637","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:76146b00b419a63a8a81fad6138b39938e2274082d9a403e8ccc7be7b8747a2e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:51.045951+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","source_sha256":"95eadc3b59eea6ff3e9405159e00a2eec2d24455d43815f04dd29d8ecbce4ee1","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/elaeagnus-pungens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:be0fdafb-e2ea-50fe-a59e-7199b241a637","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:7e33a9c821754801f95052ff788e8399b28c8975cd9e355f0a52337002a27a7f","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:34:51.045951+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","source_sha256":"95eadc3b59eea6ff3e9405159e00a2eec2d24455d43815f04dd29d8ecbce4ee1","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/elaeagnus-pungens/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:be0fdafb-e2ea-50fe-a59e-7199b241a637","value":["7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Gray/Silver","White"],"hardiness_zones":["7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"leaf_habit":["Broadleaf Evergreen"],"life_cycle":["Woody"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3212"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to Kentucky","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Elaeagnus pungens","taxon_id":"taxon:be0fdafb-e2ea-50fe-a59e-7199b241a637","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"elaeagnus-pungens-63435976","src":"/api/photos/image/af0b0739e38760cc5314e96d680f5b60f6e6fe8b74106b6700a74f4f48475bc5.jpg","view":"whole","alt":"Elaeagnus pungens — whole photograph","width":960,"height":1440,"artist":"James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org","license":"CC BY 3.0 us","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/deed.en","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elaeagnus_pungens_2307057.jpg","changes":"Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching"}]}