{"assessment":{"band":"Severe harm","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":"https://ncwildflower.org/invasive-exotic-species-list/","invasive_evidence":[{"category":"2013 category 1","rank":1,"scientific_name":"Cirsium arvense","state":"KY","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in Kentucky; do not plant. 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Less.; = Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson — RAB; > Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. arvense — C, F, G, Il, Oh3, POWO, SE1, Tat; > Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. horridum Wimm. & Gräbner — C, G, Il, Oh3, SE1; > Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. integrifolium Wimm. & Graebn. — F, Tat; > Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. mite Wimm. & Gräbner — F; > Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. var. vestitum Wimm. & Graebn. — F]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5880,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Two varieties are often recognized: var. arvense , with leaves shallowly undulate-lobed and with only a few fine marginal prickles, and var. horridum , with leaves strongly sinuate-pinnatifid and with numerous well-developed marginal prickles."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5880,"source_table":"Organism","value":9},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5880,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5880,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5880,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":5880,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr08","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,ga_pd,","Attr10":"en,to","Attr11":"dk","Attr13":"pi,pur","Attr14":"bris","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 6-12","Attr5":"gl,pu","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n,y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"lc,si"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Two varieties are often recognized: var. arvense , with leaves shallowly undulate-lobed and with only a few fine marginal prickles, and var. horridum , with leaves strongly sinuate-pinnatifid and with numerous well-developed marginal prickles.","geographic_range_description":"Native of Eurasia.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr08","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,ga_pd,","Attr10":"en,to","Attr11":"dk","Attr13":"pi,pur","Attr14":"bris","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Sun","Attr3a":"n","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:n,native_nc_mt:n,native_nc_pd:n,native_ga_pd:n,","Attr4":" 6-12","Attr5":"gl,pu","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n,y","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"lc,si"},"habitat_description":"Pastures, disturbed areas.","habitat_light_categories":["Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Dry","Moist","Wet"],"heliophily_index":9,"phenology_source_text":"Jul-Nov.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, Can, FNA19, GrPl, K1, K4, Mi, NE, NS, NY, Pa, S, Tn, Va, W; = Breea arvense (L.) 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Scop. var. vestitum Wimm. & Graebn. — F]"}},"forest_service":{"identity_basis":"Exact existing catalog or state-source name","matched_name":"Cirsium arvense","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:25.377815+00:00","scope":"Source botanical description; original units and scope retained","scoring_allowed":false,"source_label":"Fire Effects Information System: Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"635189a74341da6f0c9361426a4ec394e6ebefcbbaef300917d19d7fd22a8013","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/cirarv","trait_evidence":[{"catalog_id":"nc:cirsium-arvense","field":"height_description","height_description":"1 to 6.5 feet (0.3-2 m) tall","life_stage":"general_botanical_description","matched_name":"Cirsium arvense","paragraph_sha256":"e4b71a9d83ebb1f8b974470a6a61b7f8b3d3ec46433ee04e582a42a261528966","retrieved":"2026-10-01T13:42:25.377815+00:00","review_status":"reviewed","source_quote":"Canada thistle has slender aerial shoots with leafy stems reaching 1 to 6.5 feet (0.3-2 m) tall [42,81,84,176,238]. Leaves are 1.2 to 7 inches (3-18 cm) long and 0.2 to 2.4 inches (0.5-6 cm) wide [81,134,238]. Canada thistle leaf morphology (texture, hairiness, lobing and spininess) can vary considerably, even within a geographical region [84,150]. Canada thistle has numerous aboveground branches that bear several, small flowerheads (0.4 to 0.75 inch (1-2 cm) in diameter) in clusters [49,81,121,126,176,240]. Seeds are 0.09 to 0.2 inch (2.4-5 mm) long, and 0.04 inch (1 mm) in diameter with a pappus of feathery bristles [42,75,176,238,240].","source_section":"Cirsium arvense, Canada thistle / Botanical Description","source_sha256":"635189a74341da6f0c9361426a4ec394e6ebefcbbaef300917d19d7fd22a8013","source_title":"Fire Effects Information System: Cirsium arvense","source_url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/feis/species-reviews/cirarv"}],"values":{"height_description":"1 to 6.5 feet (0.3-2 m) tall"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Cirsium arvense","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:32:42.685291+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"45bf67455caad7e8d6184a37d2c8c8c38a59beba94f356c15bf3db29e477dc4a","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/canada-thistle","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium arvense","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:0fc922a5dd903faa628c715594890b976cad49568742755fe0008b6a1dd19e13","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:42.685291+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"45bf67455caad7e8d6184a37d2c8c8c38a59beba94f356c15bf3db29e477dc4a","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/canada-thistle","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","value":{"max":5,"min":3,"unit":"feet"}},{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium arvense","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:c2d220cbf69dc45c8801b4f59e209489d516c8321514829ab246f726bb25b875","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:42.685291+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"45bf67455caad7e8d6184a37d2c8c8c38a59beba94f356c15bf3db29e477dc4a","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/canada-thistle","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","value":["perennial"]}],"values":{"height_description":"3–5 feet","life_cycle":["perennial"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Cirsium arvense","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:33:10.566165+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"353eabd98dc7a84acbda5ebec1af9d165900572faa7294a1a51cb807009f82bc","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cirsium-arvense/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium arvense","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:5beba4f346f5ff96039cf3e2b15a20f240ef21c23137e64444c8277c40eec65b","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:10.566165+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"353eabd98dc7a84acbda5ebec1af9d165900572faa7294a1a51cb807009f82bc","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cirsium-arvense/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","value":["Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium arvense","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:5f2a33eb635a8decadeb251482b3f44758441e6828aaf3dd43be84d961588385","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:10.566165+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"353eabd98dc7a84acbda5ebec1af9d165900572faa7294a1a51cb807009f82bc","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cirsium-arvense/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","value":["Pink","Purple/Lavender","White"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium arvense","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:c33f4534600a685a0c2a27ce300947281bbfbeac04c20802bf2ef62c62da562c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:10.566165+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"353eabd98dc7a84acbda5ebec1af9d165900572faa7294a1a51cb807009f82bc","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cirsium-arvense/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","value":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet","Very Dry"]},{"expected_source_name":"Cirsium arvense","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:cddd2fecf1eb3d48707ca81c1230e2722a55092597ecda03e410a6f6076a887a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:10.566165+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Cirsium arvense","source_sha256":"353eabd98dc7a84acbda5ebec1af9d165900572faa7294a1a51cb807009f82bc","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/cirsium-arvense/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","value":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Pink","Purple/Lavender","White"],"hardiness_zones":["4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist","Occasionally Dry","Occasionally Wet","Very Dry"],"soil_ph_categories":["Alkaline (>8.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Cirsium arvense","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/880"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Cirsium arvense","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"AK:I CAN:I GL:I L48:I SPM:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"KY","source":"ky_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to Kentucky","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Cirsium arvense","taxon_id":"taxon:76c67006-4263-5b3c-9a66-acdb1062a805","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[]}