{"assessment":{"band":"Modest","factor_identity":{"basis":"approved shared identity","growth_habit_source":"USDA PLANTS","name_used":"Circaea canadensis"},"factor_scopes":{"bees":"Southeastern North America","birds":"North America","caterpillars":"Host genera of native Lepidoptera with established Kentucky range; association and range overlap, not confirmed local feeding.","specialists":"Eastern North America","structure":"USDA species growth habit where matched; otherwise sourced atlas growth habit"},"factors":{"applied_insect_credit":1,"baseline_score":8,"composite":0.272,"insect_support":{"credit":1,"groups":{"ants":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Ants","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"beetles":{"credit":0,"flower_visits":[],"label":"Beetles","recorded_name_count":null,"recorded_names":[],"seed_interactions":[],"status":"unknown"},"flies":{"credit":1,"flower_visits":[{"animal":"Anthrax sinuosa","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.","source_plant":"Circaea lutetiana"},{"animal":"Baccha fuscipennis","dataset":"Robertson 1929 / GloBI mirror","group":"flies","interaction":"flower_visit","location":"Carlinville, Illinois, USA","pollination_confirmed":false,"reference":"Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. 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Study volume and repeated records earn no extra credit.","maximum_credit":5,"version":"insect-support-1"},"pct":{"bees":0.24379652605459057,"birds":0.303970223325062,"caterpillars":0.17307692307692307,"specialists":0.4323821339950372,"structure":0.5},"rank_pct":0.031,"raw":{"bees":0,"birds":0,"caterpillars":0,"genus_used":null,"specialists":0,"structure":["Forb/herb"]}},"fit_score":null,"native_basis":"native_inferred","rarity_adjustment":0,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Calculated with the shared rules using Kentucky host-range and shared ecological evidence.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Kentucky 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canadensis","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Circaea lutetiana","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"native_status":"native_inferred","source_ids":["tnky:816"],"source_name":"Circaea 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Á.Löve & D.Löve; = Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. var. canadensis (L.) Hara — G, Tat, Tx, WV; > Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill var. canadensis — F; > Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill var. virginiana Fernald — F; Circaea lutetiana L. — S13; > Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. var. canadensis (L.) Hara — F]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":639,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The systematics of this taxon has been controversial, and treatments have changed over the years. Most recently, Xie et al. (2009) support species status for C. canadensis , a conclusion followed here. Previously, Boufford (2005) treated the complex as two species, C. canadensis and C. lutetiana , the former with two subspecies, ssp. canadensis of eastern North America and ssp. quadrisulcata of Asia. Before that, Boufford (1983) treated the complex as a circumboreal complex of three subspecies of C. lutetiana , including the North American ssp. canadensis (Linnaeus) Ascherson & Magnus, the primarily Asian ssp. quadrisulcata (Maximowicz) Ascherson & Magnus, and the European ssp. lutetiana . Other authors have preferred varietal status for the three entities, full species status, no formal status at all ( C. lutetiana as a polymorphic complex), or associating the more similar pair (North American and Asian) as two subspecies separate from the European at specific rank. Boufford (1983) and Averett & Boufford (1985) show convincingly that separate taxonomic status for the three entities is warranted, and that ssp. canadensis is more closely related to ssp. quadrisulcata . The question of the appropriate taxonomic level remains. Boufford (1983) stated that \"although subspp. canadensis and quadrisulcata are placed in C. lutetiana , this might not ultimately prove to be the best treatment\". Later, flavonoid data showed strong differences between the three taxa, stronger than the differences between many of the other species in the genus (Averett & Boufford 1985). Morphologic differences between the three taxa are fairly subtle but appear to be consistent. The complicated synonymy is perhaps an example of a too-zealous attempt to have nomenclature reflect subtleties of relationship and evolutionary divergence, our understanding of which is unclear and changeable."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":639,"source_table":"Organism","value":3},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":639,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FACU"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FACU"}]},{"field":"wetland_source_note","source_column":"WetlandNote","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":639,"source_table":"Organism","value":"taxonomic split from wetland indicator species"},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":639,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":639,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":639,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr09","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr12":"e,s","Attr13":"rad","Attr14":"4","Attr15":"wh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"DSN","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 5-9","Attr5":"er","Attr6":"glb,pub","Attr7":"opp","Attr8":"s","Attr9":"in"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"The systematics of this taxon has been controversial, and treatments have changed over the years. Most recently, Xie et al. (2009) support species status for C. canadensis , a conclusion followed here. Previously, Boufford (2005) treated the complex as two species, C. canadensis and C. lutetiana , the former with two subspecies, ssp. canadensis of eastern North America and ssp. quadrisulcata of Asia. Before that, Boufford (1983) treated the complex as a circumboreal complex of three subspecies of C. lutetiana , including the North American ssp. canadensis (Linnaeus) Ascherson & Magnus, the primarily Asian ssp. quadrisulcata (Maximowicz) Ascherson & Magnus, and the European ssp. lutetiana . Other authors have preferred varietal status for the three entities, full species status, no formal status at all ( C. lutetiana as a polymorphic complex), or associating the more similar pair (North American and Asian) as two subspecies separate from the European at specific rank. Boufford (1983) and Averett & Boufford (1985) show convincingly that separate taxonomic status for the three entities is warranted, and that ssp. canadensis is more closely related to ssp. quadrisulcata . The question of the appropriate taxonomic level remains. Boufford (1983) stated that \"although subspp. canadensis and quadrisulcata are placed in C. lutetiana , this might not ultimately prove to be the best treatment\". Later, flavonoid data showed strong differences between the three taxa, stronger than the differences between many of the other species in the genus (Averett & Boufford 1985). Morphologic differences between the three taxa are fairly subtle but appear to be consistent. The complicated synonymy is perhaps an example of a too-zealous attempt to have nomenclature reflect subtleties of relationship and evolutionary divergence, our understanding of which is unclear and changeable.","geographic_range_description":"Nova Scotia and New Brunswick west to se. 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Hill ssp. canadensis — Ar, Can, Mi, NE, Pa, Va, Boufford (2005), Wagner, Hoch, & Raven (2007); = Circaea latifolia J. Hill — S; = Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Asch. & Magnus — FNA10, GrPl, Il, K1, NS, RAB, Tn, W, Boufford (1983 [1982]), Munz (1965); = Circaea lutetiana L. var. canadensis L. — C; = Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. ssp. canadensis (L.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; = Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. var. canadensis (L.) Hara — G, Tat, Tx, WV; > Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill var. canadensis — F; > Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill var. virginiana Fernald — F; Circaea lutetiana L. — S13; > Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. var. canadensis (L.) 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distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Circaea canadensis","source_sha256":"97573173d2d0a056d350717b31b7d0ebda45c017b921946e0990d91f67a47c92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/circaea-canadensis/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:cacc2863-31a0-5d8b-b4dc-b00308a5a5ac","value":["Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Circaea canadensis","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:9bf58cd0f2565747a4d5eaa721ddf43d3e94ec7c661fccb293f6d935f0a236f9","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:09.163712+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Circaea canadensis","source_sha256":"97573173d2d0a056d350717b31b7d0ebda45c017b921946e0990d91f67a47c92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/circaea-canadensis/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:cacc2863-31a0-5d8b-b4dc-b00308a5a5ac","value":["Pink","White"]},{"expected_source_name":"Circaea canadensis","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:c0fad7ef263bb92d525f352d868c41383dcfd13ceffddbf3091a142b3fb220e3","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:09.163712+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Circaea canadensis","source_sha256":"97573173d2d0a056d350717b31b7d0ebda45c017b921946e0990d91f67a47c92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/circaea-canadensis/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:cacc2863-31a0-5d8b-b4dc-b00308a5a5ac","value":["5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Circaea canadensis","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:f63dfde8df6c260171f221a08b8ce14a7a6eb1ecfac0c0858db74d31420c5ff6","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:09.163712+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Circaea canadensis","source_sha256":"97573173d2d0a056d350717b31b7d0ebda45c017b921946e0990d91f67a47c92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/circaea-canadensis/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:cacc2863-31a0-5d8b-b4dc-b00308a5a5ac","value":["Moist"]},{"expected_source_name":"Circaea canadensis","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:f771c71dd5f463b4a16a1735fc318550e7d393ddc263e289d2e57baa943e74b3","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:33:09.163712+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Circaea canadensis","source_sha256":"97573173d2d0a056d350717b31b7d0ebda45c017b921946e0990d91f67a47c92","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/circaea-canadensis/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:cacc2863-31a0-5d8b-b4dc-b00308a5a5ac","value":["Perennial"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Pink","White"],"hardiness_zones":["5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"life_cycle":["Perennial"],"light":["Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)","Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)"],"moisture_categories":["Moist"]}}},"light_range":["shade","part sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Circaea canadensis","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/816"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Circaea canadensis","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Circaea canadensis","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Circaea lutetiana","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to Kentucky (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Circaea canadensis","taxon_id":"taxon:cacc2863-31a0-5d8b-b4dc-b00308a5a5ac","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[]}