{"assessment":{"band":"Severe harm","fit_score":null,"harm":null,"harm_source":"https://ncwildflower.org/invasive-exotic-species-list/","invasive_evidence":[{"category":"2013 category 2","rank":2,"scientific_name":"Centaurea biebersteinii","state":"KY","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"native_basis":"not_native","rarity_adjustment":null,"rarity_policy":"Conservation status is displayed separately and never changes ecological scores, including when unranked.","reason":"Listed invasive in Kentucky; do not plant. Uses the shared species harm profile established from NC evidence; not a state agency severity rating.","reference":"NC native reference cohort, method 0.6.4; not a Kentucky percentile","score":-55,"scoring_inputs":{"harm_penalty":0,"invasive":true,"invasive_rank":"2","native":false,"state_rank":""},"severity_basis":"shared_rank","severity_mapping":"Existing shared species harm profile from NC source","status":"scored_invasive","version":"shared-0.6.5"},"condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:14e560a24b653804275cd0fde20450d401c360f3d900bd83770dde267b43fa51","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:45266817d9a3b18143efcee58ddf364782d4c4fdb44bf5fdbdb230be8cb2ceeb","levels":[0,1],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,1],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"evidence":{"fit_score":null,"growth_habit":null,"invasive_status":{"status":"listed"},"native_status":{"status":"not_native"},"occurrence":{"county_fips":["21009","21043","21049","21067","21095","21125","21135","21151","21155","21167","21173","21203","21205","21227"],"meaning":"Recorded occurrence; not a county native-range assertion"},"quercus_score":null,"regional":{"county_fips":["21009","21043","21049","21067","21095","21125","21135","21151","21155","21167","21173","21203","21205","21227"],"growth_habit":null,"growth_habit_source":null,"invasive":true,"invasive_evidence":[{"category":"2013 category 2","rank":2,"scientific_name":"Centaurea biebersteinii","state":"KY","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"invasive_rank":2,"native":false,"native_evidence":[{"basis":"unanimous_direct_child_native_flags","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea stoebe","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","supporting_taxa":[{"atlas_id":46,"native_flag":"N","scientific_name":"Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/46"}],"url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3709"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea stoebe","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I HI:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"KY","source":"ky_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"native_status":"not_native","source_ids":["tnky:3709"],"source_name":"Centaurea stoebe","source_refs":["KY-county-21009.json","KY-county-21043.json","KY-county-21049.json","KY-county-21067.json","KY-county-21095.json","KY-county-21125.json","KY-county-21135.json","KY-county-21151.json","KY-county-21155.json","KY-county-21167.json","KY-county-21173.json","KY-county-21203.json","KY-county-21205.json","KY-county-21227.json","ky_invasive"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3709","state_rank":null},"source_refs":["KY-county-21009.json","KY-county-21043.json","KY-county-21049.json","KY-county-21067.json","KY-county-21095.json","KY-county-21125.json","KY-county-21135.json","KY-county-21151.json","KY-county-21155.json","KY-county-21167.json","KY-county-21173.json","KY-county-21203.json","KY-county-21205.json","KY-county-21227.json","ky_invasive"],"source_url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3709","state_rank":{"value":null}},"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[0,1],"ph":null},"fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"fit_record":{"band":"Severe harm","condition_evidence":{"light":{"evidence_id":"fact:14e560a24b653804275cd0fde20450d401c360f3d900bd83770dde267b43fa51","levels":[4],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[4,4],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_light_categories_preserved_without_hour_conversion","source_field":"light","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"},"moisture":{"evidence_id":"fact:45266817d9a3b18143efcee58ddf364782d4c4fdb44bf5fdbdb230be8cb2ceeb","levels":[0,1],"policy":"selected-condition-categories-1","range":[0,1],"scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"semantics":"source_drainage_or_moisture_categories_preserved","source_field":"moisture_categories","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"mapped_selected_fact"}},"county_fips":["21009","21043","21049","21067","21095","21125","21135","21151","21155","21167","21173","21203","21205","21227","45047","47025","47065","47073","47091","47125","47171","47179"],"fit_inputs":{"light":[4,4],"moisture":[0,1],"ph":null},"fit_note":"Shared sunlight, moisture and pH calculation; county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":true,"native_eligible":false,"quercus_score":-55,"state":"KY"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Centaurea stoebe","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:32:21.279207+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"4c5f4ecff7cb72c07a0aa06263853a0971ca5f7988450796a89a7cb375ed5311","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/spotted-knapweed","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea stoebe","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:73ba216f8ee8b7a6e2d787c9fad3e65f4f4d4921935e82cf387b2aedfb9f6f2c","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:21.279207+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Centaurea stoebe","source_sha256":"4c5f4ecff7cb72c07a0aa06263853a0971ca5f7988450796a89a7cb375ed5311","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/spotted-knapweed","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":["biennial, short-lived perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea stoebe","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:feb0eed1e0871f8fe3ac95a4c00e4dbae1c686413e7d655a984408e7e483dd14","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:21.279207+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Centaurea stoebe","source_sha256":"4c5f4ecff7cb72c07a0aa06263853a0971ca5f7988450796a89a7cb375ed5311","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/spotted-knapweed","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":{"max":3,"min":2,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"height_description":"2–3 feet","life_cycle":["biennial, short-lived perennial"]}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"display_withheld_fields":["life_cycle"],"field_quality_flags":{"life_cycle":["Existing displayed guidance retained; incoming source differs"]},"matched_name":"Centaurea stoebe","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:32:51.447657+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"6bdcfbe5a8c90f891a8ad60808c9d689b7f5e56260eb349c8d4cfb664f76c0e9","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:0b2c8692f07e4c7a7c8701e5652afb4adb35d37275c6c1a5bd996bfa44d23831","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:51.447657+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","source_sha256":"6bdcfbe5a8c90f891a8ad60808c9d689b7f5e56260eb349c8d4cfb664f76c0e9","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":["Purple/Lavender"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","field":"hardiness_zones","original_field":"hardiness","record_id":"trait:1a63d3320d8e64397c770f77c5c2639dd8bfe014f7ba9db15ab50f66c8dbe0aa","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:51.447657+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","source_sha256":"6bdcfbe5a8c90f891a8ad60808c9d689b7f5e56260eb349c8d4cfb664f76c0e9","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":["5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","field":"light","original_field":"light","record_id":"trait:619c2acbd4ff31af07f68a25752c924257216eaaefb9ed24a92c28d9724aab63","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:51.447657+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","source_sha256":"6bdcfbe5a8c90f891a8ad60808c9d689b7f5e56260eb349c8d4cfb664f76c0e9","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","field":"soil_ph_categories","original_field":"soil_ph","record_id":"trait:93a87e107a47b699c70b0ca3dae520df42e36c20a3ff7c770d048d262e9c8a73","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:51.447657+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","source_sha256":"6bdcfbe5a8c90f891a8ad60808c9d689b7f5e56260eb349c8d4cfb664f76c0e9","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:dc1e1af24bc88ea98ef3b43b1e9a9045e7a487425b290810bc04695895df1976","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:51.447657+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","source_sha256":"6bdcfbe5a8c90f891a8ad60808c9d689b7f5e56260eb349c8d4cfb664f76c0e9","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":["Biennial","Perennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","field":"moisture_categories","original_field":"soil_moisture","record_id":"trait:fd210c8ac136fcd570be8eda4a4c7db1a8868d1c300fa5094e8973d87179a6e9","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:32:51.447657+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"ncsu","source_name":"Centaurea maculosa","source_sha256":"6bdcfbe5a8c90f891a8ad60808c9d689b7f5e56260eb349c8d4cfb664f76c0e9","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/centaurea-maculosa/","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","value":["Occasionally Dry","Very Dry"]}],"values":{"flower_color":["Purple/Lavender"],"hardiness_zones":["5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b"],"life_cycle":["Biennial","Perennial"],"light":["Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)"],"moisture_categories":["Occasionally Dry","Very Dry"],"soil_ph_categories":["Acid (<6.0)","Neutral (6.0-8.0)"]}}},"light_range":["full sun","full sun"],"light_source":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"basis":"unanimous_direct_child_native_flags","claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea stoebe","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","supporting_taxa":[{"atlas_id":46,"native_flag":"N","scientific_name":"Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/46"}],"url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/3709"},{"claim":"introduced","matched_name":"Centaurea stoebe","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:I HI:I L48:I","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"introduced","scope":"KY","source":"ky_invasive","url":"https://www.se-eppc.org/ky/KYEPPC_2013list.pdf"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Not native to Kentucky","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"not_native"},"source_name":"Centaurea stoebe","taxon_id":"taxon:77131dd7-be0c-522d-b912-99a171b757a7","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"inat-221782012","src":"/api/photos/image/c13702e1c2f69ea843da87dc387715ef18ae315526f8142a689042951e20116c.jpeg","view":"bloom","alt":"Centaurea stoebe — flower photograph","width":375,"height":500,"artist":"no rights reserved","license":"CC0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","source_url":"https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/221782012","changes":"iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding."}]}