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county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 67 NC counties","light":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","moisture":"Missouri Botanical Garden: Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":28,"state":"GA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"botanical_review_flower_color":{"matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","review_decision":{"reason":"MBG explicitly classifies this fern as non-flowering; spore-bearing fronds are not flowers.","sources":["mbg-osmunda-20261009"],"status":"reviewed","value":["Non-flowering"]},"review_note":"MBG explicitly classifies this fern as non-flowering; spore-bearing fronds are not flowers.","review_sources":[{"approved_for_correction":true,"archive":"reports/botanical-audit-2026-10-09/sources/osmunda.html","excerpt":"American royal fern spreads 2 to 3 feet, is non-flowering, and grows in medium to wet soils.","excerpt_kind":"paraphrase","retrieved":"2026-10-09","sha256":"db610a15c2349640a604847d2176505a2120576da97178c0ac5ee327916f7c82","title":"Missouri Botanical Garden: Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis","url":"https://plantfinder.mobot.org/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=285737"}],"review_status":"reviewed","source_label":"Missouri Botanical Garden: Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis","source_url":"https://plantfinder.mobot.org/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=285737","values":{"flower_color":["Non-flowering"]}},"botanical_review_soil":{"matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","review_decision":{"reason":"MBG medium-to-wet soil requirement; 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no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","source_record_id":95,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Bogs, marshes (including tidal), moist forests, floodplains, wet meadows, swamp forests, ditches, and other wetlands."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Manitoba, south to s. Florida, e. Texas; Mexico south through Central America to s. Brazil; West Indies."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Mar-Jun."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Il, K4, POWO, Va, Arana & Ponce (2015), Lehnert, Monjau, & Rosche (2024), Sylvestre, Costa, & Arana (2022); = Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A.Gray — AqW, Ar, Bah, C, Can, ETx1, F, Fl1, FNA2, G, GrPl, K1, Mo1, NE, NS, NY, Pa, RAB, SFla, Tat, Tn, Tx, TxFerns, W, WH3, WV; Osmunda regalis L. — Meso1, S13, Sf]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"Organism","value":"American O. spectabilis is more closely related to Asian O. japonica (= O. regalis var. japonica ) and O. lancea than to European, African, and sw. Asian (typic) O. regalis (Metzgar et al. 2008; Tsutsumi et al. (2011); Arana & Ponce (2015); Tsutsumi et al. 2021). Specific rank therefore appears fully warranted for American royal ferns. Lehnert, Monjau, & Rosche (2024) presented an informal and provisional taxonomy in which O. spectabilis is recognized as having three \"informal morphotaxa of unresolved taxonomic status\": ' spectabilis , ' palustris ', and ' piresii '; populations in our region all represent the informal morphotaxon ' spectabilis '."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"Organism","value":5},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Moist","Water","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":95,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr01","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"abs","Attr11":"n","Attr2":"Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-7","Attr5":"terr","Attr6":"1B180,1B38,1B80","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"2-4div","Attr9":"cov"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"American O. spectabilis is more closely related to Asian O. japonica (= O. regalis var. japonica ) and O. lancea than to European, African, and sw. Asian (typic) O. regalis (Metzgar et al. 2008; Tsutsumi et al. (2011); Arana & Ponce (2015); Tsutsumi et al. 2021). Specific rank therefore appears fully warranted for American royal ferns. Lehnert, Monjau, & Rosche (2024) presented an informal and provisional taxonomy in which O. spectabilis is recognized as having three \"informal morphotaxa of unresolved taxonomic status\": ' spectabilis , ' palustris ', and ' piresii '; populations in our region all represent the informal morphotaxon ' spectabilis '.","geographic_range_description":"Newfoundland and Labrador (Newfoundland) west to Manitoba, south to s. Florida, e. Texas; Mexico south through Central America to s. Brazil; West Indies.","graphic_key_source_attributes":{"Attr0":"gr01","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr10":"abs","Attr11":"n","Attr2":"Moist,Water,Wet","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-7","Attr5":"terr","Attr6":"1B180,1B38,1B80","Attr7":"y","Attr8":"2-4div","Attr9":"cov"},"habitat_description":"Bogs, marshes (including tidal), moist forests, floodplains, wet meadows, swamp forests, ditches, and other wetlands.","habitat_light_categories":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"],"habitat_moisture_categories":["Moist","Water","Wet"],"heliophily_index":5,"phenology_source_text":"Mar-Jun.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"OBL"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"OBL"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Il, K4, POWO, Va, Arana & Ponce (2015), Lehnert, Monjau, & Rosche (2024), Sylvestre, Costa, & Arana (2022); = Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A.Gray — AqW, Ar, Bah, C, Can, ETx1, F, Fl1, FNA2, G, GrPl, K1, Mo1, NE, NS, NY, Pa, RAB, SFla, Tat, Tn, Tx, TxFerns, W, WH3, WV; Osmunda regalis L. — Meso1, S13, Sf]"}},"minnesota_wildflowers":{"matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:37:35.825721+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"Minnesota Wildflowers","source_sha256":"357b9bfc221f6d3701044c17698350eb59c2eebeff9eaca51b0a8463cab13bab","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/fern/royal-fern","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Osmunda regalis","field":"life_cycle","original_field":"life_cycle","record_id":"trait:b76981920f625f2f737df444b635c74b67a5a2adaf47b5f5166de0c2a203e64a","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:35.825721+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Osmunda regalis","source_sha256":"357b9bfc221f6d3701044c17698350eb59c2eebeff9eaca51b0a8463cab13bab","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/fern/royal-fern","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b56ad906-6f78-576e-a57d-932be344a61b","value":["biennial"]},{"expected_source_name":"Osmunda regalis","field":"height_description","original_field":"height","record_id":"trait:fa2ed1863f8593a88f62d83d745c6dd27569d92b0771a4c19d5c47b8f307782e","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:37:35.825721+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; distribution and native-status discovery filters do not establish local growing or bloom timing.","source":"minnesota","source_name":"Osmunda regalis","source_sha256":"357b9bfc221f6d3701044c17698350eb59c2eebeff9eaca51b0a8463cab13bab","source_url":"https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/fern/royal-fern","status":"eligible_fact","taxon_id":"taxon:b56ad906-6f78-576e-a57d-932be344a61b","value":{"max":6,"min":3,"unit":"feet"}}],"values":{"height_description":"3–6 feet","life_cycle":["biennial"]}},"usda":{"matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","retrieved":"2026-09-24","scope":"Nationwide species characteristics; local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":14168,"values":{"bloom_season":"Late Spring","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Spring","fruit_season_end":"Summer","growth_architecture":"Rhizomatous","growth_rate":"Rapid","height_ft":4.5,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"virginia_coastal":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:37.533960+00:00","row_top":885.03,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Coastal Plain","source_sha256":"c7dc029781c9ba41743547b5b3234bbe1c4c027e3137534abdc4b4fe2cf39612","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/cp-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Partial sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Moderate","High"]}},"virginia_piedmont":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:36.632111+00:00","row_top":1017.8697000000001,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; sunlight is a minimum requirement, moisture is low/moderate/high","source_label":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","source_sha256":"cb946fa6b7fa4ad5694d1debe04b04c392bc7389af2321eeab1ebcff381a5be3","source_url":"https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/document/pied-nat-plants.pdf","values":{"light":["Partial sun (minimum requirement)"],"moisture_categories":["Moderate","High"]}}},"light_range":["part shade","full sun"],"light_source":"Virginia DCR Piedmont","native_synthesis":{"claims":[{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Osmunda regalis","scope":"TN-KY","source":"tnky_atlas","url":"https://tennessee-kentucky.plantatlas.usf.edu/plant/species/2672"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Osmunda regalis","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","scope":"L48","source":"usda","text":"CAN:N L48:N SPM:N","url":"https://plants.usda.gov/"},{"claim":"native","matched_name":"Osmunda spectabilis","scope":"NC","source":"nc_flora","url":"https://auth1.dpr.ncparks.gov/flora/"}],"county_native_range":"unresolved","explanation":"Source scopes are preserved. State occurrence alone does not establish nativity; combined regional evidence is labeled estimated.","label":"Native to Georgia (estimated from combined sources)","rule":"southeast-native-synthesis-1","status":"native_inferred"},"source_name":"Osmunda regalis","taxon_id":"taxon:b56ad906-6f78-576e-a57d-932be344a61b","revision":"publish:5809c037-0e9a-430a-8008-5ab6f69800c0","photos":[{"id":"recovery-pmc-osmunda-spectabilis-23d","src":"/api/photos/image/224cd778b83e299df2e126d16ea3deb86f07762771a1e47783d1f5b0773cdf7c.jpg","view":"foliage","alt":"Osmunda spectabilis — foliage photograph","width":796,"height":594,"artist":"Nathan Howell; Howell, Krings and Braham (2016)","license":"CC BY 4.0","license_url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4911545/#F2057354","changes":"Original published individual photograph panel; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding"}]}