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county geography is an additional layer. Missing source traits remain unknown.","fit_provenance":{"counties":"USDA PLANTS: recorded in 71 NC counties","light":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","moisture":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","ph":"USDA PLANTS"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"invasive_rank":false,"native_eligible":true,"quercus_score":71,"state":"GA"},"garden_suitability":{"default_excluded":false,"flags":[],"review_status":"not_assessed"},"growing_observations":{"floraquest_carolinas_georgia":{"matched_name":"Liquidambar styraciflua","retrieved":"2026-10-04T13:31:16.252589+00:00","scope":{"kind":"region","region_id":"floraquest_nc_sc_ga"},"scope_note":"Original regional ecological and identification evidence; no location-specific gardening adjustments.","source_label":"FloraQuest: Carolinas, Georgia (Southeastern Flora Team)","source_name":"Liquidambar styraciflua","source_record_id":2582,"source_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_url":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.emountainworks.android.southeastfieldguide","trait_evidence":[{"field":"habitat_description","source_column":"HabitatText","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Swamp forests, floodplains, moist forests, depressional wetlands, pond and lake margins, old fields, disturbed areas, nearly ubiquitous in the modern southeastern United States landscape."},{"field":"geographic_range_description","source_column":"Description","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Connecticut west to s. Ohio, s. Illinois and Oklahoma, south to s. Florida and Texas; Mexico (Chiapas, Mexico City, Guerrero, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala."},{"field":"phenology_source_text","source_column":"Phenology","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Mar-May; Aug-Sep."},{"field":"taxonomic_synonymy","source_column":"Synonymy","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":"[= Ar, C, F, Fl2, FNA3, G, GW2, Il, K1, K4, Mex, Mo3, NcTx, NE, NS, NY, Ok, Pa, POWO, RAB, S, S13, SFla, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WH3, WV, Ickert-Bond & Wen (2013)]"},{"field":"botanical_comments","source_column":"Comments","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":"Morris et al. (2008) reported on the genetic diversity within L. styraciflua as it relates to post-Pleistocene plant migrations. A form with rounded leaf lobes (' Rotundiloba ') is sometimes grown horticulturally. The sap was previously gathered as a source of chewing gum. The bark is one of the favorite foods of beavers. Although sometimes thought of as a small and weedy tree, Liquidambar reaches its greatest abundance and size in Coastal Plain swamp forests, where it can reach 2 meters in diameter. Along with such species as Pinus taeda , Quercus phellos , and others, Liquidambar is a good example of a primarily bottomland tree which has proven to be an excellent colonizer of disturbed uplands. The twigs sometimes have irregular corky growths."},{"field":"identification_notes","source_column":"IdentificationNotes","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":"The fall color of Liquidambar styraciflua is often a gaudy mix (at the same time) of green, light yellow, orange, red, and dark purple."},{"field":"heliophily_index","source_column":"HIndex","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":5},{"field":"regional_wetland_indicators","source_column":"WetlandStatus1..5","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"Organism","value":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}]},{"field":"habitat_moisture_categories","source_column":"Attr2","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Dry","Moist","Wet"]},{"field":"habitat_light_categories","source_column":"Attr3","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":["Partial shade","Full shade","Full sun"]},{"field":"graphic_key_source_attributes","source_column":"Attr0..25","source_database_sha256":"684f6b364ff9f3023aa61ed02ae50f6f6d6d4d3bcf76847b78ab769ae0453469","source_record_id":2582,"source_table":"GraphicKey","value":{"Attr0":"gr14","Attr1":"nc_cp,nc_mt,nc_pd,sc_cp,sc_mt,sc_pd,ga_cp,ga_mt,ga_pd,","Attr11":"pal","Attr12":"lob","Attr13":"nt,to","Attr14":"Bl14,Bl24,Bl5,Bl9","Attr15":"lh","Attr16":"n","Attr17":"nd","Attr18":"nd","Attr19":"br,gr,nd","Attr2":"Dry,Moist,Wet","Attr20":"n","Attr21":"DC","Attr3":"Part,Shade,Sun","Attr3a":"y","Attr3a_subregion":"native_nc_cp:y,native_nc_mt:y,native_nc_pd:y,native_sc_cp:y,native_sc_mt:y,native_sc_pd:y,native_ga_cp:y,native_ga_mt:y,native_ga_pd:y,","Attr4":" 2-6","Attr5":"t","Attr6":"n","Attr7":"n","Attr8":"alt","Attr9":"sim"}}],"values":{"botanical_comments":"Morris et al. (2008) reported on the genetic diversity within L. styraciflua as it relates to post-Pleistocene plant migrations. A form with rounded leaf lobes (' Rotundiloba ') is sometimes grown horticulturally. The sap was previously gathered as a source of chewing gum. The bark is one of the favorite foods of beavers. Although sometimes thought of as a small and weedy tree, Liquidambar reaches its greatest abundance and size in Coastal Plain swamp forests, where it can reach 2 meters in diameter. Along with such species as Pinus taeda , Quercus phellos , and others, Liquidambar is a good example of a primarily bottomland tree which has proven to be an excellent colonizer of disturbed uplands. The twigs sometimes have irregular corky growths.","geographic_range_description":"Connecticut west to s. Ohio, s. Illinois and Oklahoma, south to s. 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Aug-Sep.","regional_wetland_indicators":[{"source_column":"WetlandStatus1","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus2","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus3","value":"FACW"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus4","value":"FAC"},{"source_column":"WetlandStatus5","value":"FAC"}],"taxonomic_synonymy":"[= Ar, C, F, Fl2, FNA3, G, GW2, Il, K1, K4, Mex, Mo3, NcTx, NE, NS, NY, Ok, Pa, POWO, RAB, S, S13, SFla, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WH3, WV, Ickert-Bond & Wen (2013)]"}},"ncsu_sitemap":{"matched_name":"Liquidambar styraciflua","retrieved":"2026-10-04T02:38:22.710682+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Source-reported species characteristics; not a location-specific estimate.","source_label":"NC Extension Plant Toolbox","source_sha256":"2429e11d1a599f7a898b5573bdd0ceb6d0c4d3b1d44c02c30933e89c51cb26d5","source_url":"https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/liquidambar-styraciflua/","trait_evidence":[{"expected_source_name":"Liquidambar styraciflua","field":"flower_color","original_field":"flower_color","record_id":"trait:0d6a59d70a26ae65bcb78af2cd64176a91c421f5262fb364dbddcf09181428e0","retrieved_at":"2026-10-04T02:38:22.710682+00:00","scope":{"kind":"unspecified"},"scope_note":"Species profile; 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local growing conditions may vary","source_label":"USDA PLANTS","source_url":"https://plants.usda.gov/","usda_id":70557,"values":{"bloom_season":"Mid Spring","flower_color":"Green","foliage_color":"Green","fruit_season_begin":"Summer","fruit_season_end":"Fall","growth_architecture":"Single Stem","growth_rate":"Rapid","height_ft":100,"leaf_retention":"No"}},"ut_smart_yards":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Liquidambar styraciflua","modified":"2015-10-06T17:34:24+00:00","page_id":"10497","scope":"Published Tennessee growing guidance; exact cached scientific heading","source_label":"Tennessee Smart Yards","source_url":"https://tynnativeplants.wordpress.com/trees/scientific-name/sweetgum-redgum-starleaf-gum/","values":{"light":["Full sun"],"moisture_categories":["medium to moderately dry"]}},"virginia_coastal":{"identity_basis":"Exact scientific name; no new synonym guesses","matched_name":"Liquidambar styraciflua","page":2,"retrieved":"2026-09-30T18:00:37.533960+00:00","row_top":874.1203,"scope":"Virginia regional planting chart; 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